According to expectancy theory, valence, instrumentality, and expectancy must be ________ in order for an employee to be motivated to perform desired behaviors and to perform them at a high level.
A) zero
B) one
C) high
D) low

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to expectancy theory, all three factors (valence, instrumentality, and expectancy) must be high for an employee to be motivated. Valence refers to the importance an individual places on the expected outcome or result of an action. Instrumentality refers to the belief that a particular performance level will result in certain outcomes. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will result in high performance. When all three factors are high, employees are more likely to be motivated to perform the desired behaviors and perform them at a high level.

According to Expectancy Theory, Valence, Instrumentality, and Expectancy Must Be