Question 1

At the beginning of the 1800s juveniles were:

Accepted Answer

At the beginning of the 1800s, juveniles were treated the same as adults and faced the same legal consequences. It wasn't until later in the century that separate courts for juveniles were established and a focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment became more prevalent. Option B is incorrect because separate courts were not yet in place. Option C is incorrect because juveniles could be imprisoned or executed, as they were not yet considered to be in need of special protection. Option D is incorrect because social services as we know them today did not exist at that time.

Question 2

In what court case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that the government had to prove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court held that the government had to prove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency in the case In re Winship.

Question 3

In the 1899 Illinois juvenile court the child being prosecuted was called a:

Accepted Answer

In the juvenile court system, the child being prosecuted is referred to as a "respondent." This is because the case is not considered a criminal prosecution, but rather a civil proceeding in which the child's "responds" to allegations of delinquency or wrongdoing. The terms "defendant" and "plaintiff" are more commonly associated with criminal and civil cases for adults, respectively.

Question 4

The child-savers believed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The child-savers believed that children needed treatment rather than punishment. They advocated for the creation of juvenile courts and the concept of parens patriae, which gave the courts the authority to intervene in the lives of neglected or troubled youths and provide them with guidance and assistance. They believed that most delinquent behavior was the result of environmental factors and that rehabilitation was a more effective approach than punishment.

Question 5

Under the philosophy of parens patriae, who is responsible to step in when the child's wellbeing is not being looked after?

Accepted Answer

In the philosophy of parens patriae, the government assumes the role of a "parent" and is responsible for stepping in when the wellbeing of a child is not being looked after by their actual parents.

Question 6

A process in which the prosecutor decides whether a juvenile offender's case will
Be heard in juvenile or adult court is called:

Accepted Answer

The process described is prosecutorial waiver, in which the prosecutor determines whether to try a juvenile in adult court. Judicial waiver involves a judge making this decision, while automatic transfer and police waiver involve predetermined factors or actions determining whether a case goes to adult court.

Question 7

Which of the following rights does a juvenile have according to the U.S. Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following rights does a...

Question 8

The child-saving movement culminated with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act in __________.

Accepted Answer

The Illinois Juvenile Court Act was passed in 1899, making D the correct answer. This act established the first juvenile court system in the United States, which focused on rehabilitation rather than punishment for child offenders. This act was a significant result of the child-saving movement, which sought to protect and help children in need.

Question 9

Approximately __________ youths are incarcerated in public and private juvenile correctional facilities in the United States.

Accepted Answer

According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, as of 2019, approximately 92,000 youths are incarcerated in public and private juvenile correctional facilities in the United States.

Question 10

Which of the following generally houses between twelve and fifteen youths and provides treatment, counseling, and education services by a professional staff?

Accepted Answer

A group home generally houses between twelve and fifteen youths and provides treatment, counseling, and education services by a professional staff. Rural program may or may not have a specific number of youths and may vary in services provided. Foster care program typically places children in individual homes rather than group homes. Family group home is a type of group home that is specifically designed to provide a family-like environment for youths in care.

Question 11

A juvenile variation on shock probation is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile variation on shock probation is commonly known as boot camp. This program uses a military-style approach to discipline and rehabilitation by making offenders participate in physical activities, follow strict schedules, and receive counseling and educational services. It aims to teach them responsibility, self-discipline, and respect for authority while giving them a chance to avoid incarceration in a juvenile detention center.

Question 12

__________ is a correctional institution for juveniles found to be delinquent.

Accepted Answer

A training school is a correctional institution specifically designed for juveniles who have been found to be delinquent. These institutions provide a structured environment where juveniles can receive the education, training, and counseling necessary to help them reintegrate into society. Residential treatment programs and boot camps can also be used for juvenile offenders, but they are not exclusively for this purpose. Aftercare refers to the support and services provided to juveniles after they are released from a correctional institution.

Question 13

In what court case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that juveniles had a right to counsel whenever a judge is considering transferring a case to adult court?

Accepted Answer

Kent v. U.S. was the case where the Supreme Court decided that juveniles have the right to counsel during waiver hearings when a judge is considering transferring a case to adult court.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the things a judge considers during a detention hearing for a juvenile?

Accepted Answer

A judge during a detention hearing for a juvenile considers whether the child poses a danger to the community, whether the child will return for the adjudication process, and whether detention will provide protection for the child. However, the ability of the parents to pay for bail is not a consideration as bail is not typically required in juvenile cases.

Question 15

The process of removing low-risk offenders from the formal juvenile justice system by placing them in community-based rehabilitation programs is called:

Accepted Answer

Diversion is the process of diverting juveniles away from the formal juvenile justice system and into community-based rehabilitation programs. The goal of diversion is to reduce the number of low-risk offenders in the juvenile justice system and provide them with the necessary services and support to prevent further involvement in the justice system. Petitioning, referring, and intake are all part of the formal juvenile justice system and do not involve diversion.

Question 16

Which of the following was NOT one of the ways the first Illinois Juvenile Court was different from adult courts?

Accepted Answer

The adversarial relationship was not a way in which the first Illinois Juvenile Court was different from adult courts. In fact, the juvenile court system was meant to be less confrontational and more rehabilitative, with a focus on the child's best interests rather than punishment. A) No juries, C) confidentiality, and D) different terminology were all ways in which the juvenile court system differed from adult courts.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of diversion categories?

Accepted Answer

The three main types of diversion categories are probation, treatment and aid, and restitution. Detention is not considered a type of diversion, as it involves confining an individual rather than redirecting them away from the criminal justice system.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a form of a residential treatment program?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 19

In the 1899 Illinois juvenile court, when juveniles are found to have committed a crime they called this being:

Accepted Answer

The term "adjudicated delinquent" is commonly used in the juvenile justice system to describe a finding that a juvenile has committed a crime or delinquent act. This terminology emphasizes that the juvenile is not being "convicted" like an adult, but rather is being "adjudicated" and handled through a separate system focused on rehabilitation and treatment.

Question 20

A report that provides the judge with relevant background material to aid in the
Disposition decision is called:

Accepted Answer

A predisposition report gathers information about the juvenile's social, medical, educational, and criminal history. This information helps the judge to make an informed decision about the most appropriate disposition for the juvenile. Adjudication refers to the formal process of determining whether the juvenile is guilty or not guilty. Probation and graduated sanctions are types of dispositions that may be recommended in a predisposition report but are not the report itself.

Quiz 15: The Juvenile Justice System