Question 1

Briefly discuss the downward social drift hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly discuss the downward social drift hypotheses....

Question 2

Briefly discuss the pros and cons of the assertive community treatment method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly discuss the pros and cons of...

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the "four A's" that Eugen Bleuler used to characterize the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

The "four A's" used by Eugen Bleuler to describe symptoms of schizophrenia are Affect (the emotional expression of the person), Association (the way the person's thoughts are connected), Autism (a withdrawal from social interaction), and Ambivalence (uncertainty or conflicting emotions). Acalculia is not a symptom typically associated with schizophrenia, but rather refers to difficulty with mathematical calculations, often as a result of brain damage or neurological conditions.

Question 4

In diagnosing schizophrenia using the DSM-5 system, compared with the DSM-IV system, clinicians can now include dimensional ratings of psychotic symptoms in addition to the categorical diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 system allows for clinicians to use dimensional ratings of psychotic symptoms to aid in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, whereas the DSM-IV system only included a categorical diagnosis.

Question 5

DSM-5 changes to the diagnosis of schizophrenia, compared to DSM-IV, are best described as:

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 made significant changes to the diagnosis of schizophrenia by eliminating the previously used subtypes (such as paranoid, disorganized, and catatonic) and introducing the use of dimensional assessments to rate the severity of core symptoms. This approach aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of the disorder's manifestations in individuals.

Question 6

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizopreniform disorder are all considered part of the

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophreniaiform disorder are all closely related psychotic disorders and are considered part of the schizophrenia spectrum. They share similar symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms such as reduced emotional expression and motivation. The autism spectrum refers to a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social, communication, and behavioral challenges. The psychosocial cluster and psychosis circle are not recognized terms in the classification of mental disorders.

Question 7

In treating clients with schizophrenia, clinicians sometimes find that they have to withhold or filter information from the client for their own good, for example by characterizing the client's symptoms as strengths instead of symptoms. Howe (2008) has discussed the challenges of clinician's decisions in such situations, and has advocated

Accepted Answer

Howe (2008) advocates for an "ethical sliding scale," which suggests adjusting the level of disclosure based on the client's ability to understand and cope with the information, rather than adhering strictly to complete honesty or following family instructions. This approach allows for flexibility in clinician-client interactions, aiming to balance honesty with the client's well-being.

Question 8

Howe's (2008) "ethical sliding scale" applies to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Howe's "ethical sliding scale" is a concept used to navigate ethical dilemmas, particularly in complex cases such as treating clients with schizophrenia, where the balance between autonomy and beneficence may shift depending on the situation.

Question 9

Current evidence suggests that the brains of patients with schizophrenia not only activate differently (compared to nonschizophrenic controls) during certain tasks, but also show reduced connectivity between areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Current evidence does suggest that the brains of patients with schizophrenia show both different activation patterns and reduced connectivity between brain areas.

Question 10

People with schizophrenia show evidence of reduced functional connectivity between the thalamus and the _________________ lobe of the cortex, affecting cognitive control and working memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with schizophrenia show evidence of reduced...

Question 11

Healthy individuals who are given the drug ketamine-which affects NMDA receptors-sometimes experience schizophrenia-like symptoms. This finding supports the notion that _________ plays a role in schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Healthy individuals who are given the drug...

Question 12

Although there is strong evidence from family studies that schizophrenia has genetic components, researchers have not yet identified potential specific genes.

Accepted Answer

Researchers have identified specific genes that are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, indicating that the disorder has a significant genetic component.

Question 13

The view of schizophrenia that emphasizes ___________ suggests that people with schizophrenia form too many associations when learning and remembering new material, and fail to "prune" irrelevant information.

Accepted Answer

The view of schizophrenia that emphasizes neuroplasticity suggests that people with schizophrenia have a brain that is too plastic and can't prune irrelevant information properly. This leads to an overload of information and too many associations, making it difficult for them to learn and remember new material.

Question 14

Some of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia may reflect a loss of _________________, which involves adaptive changes in the brain in response to experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia...

Question 15

Research has shown that people who use cannabis are at increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found a relationship between cannabis use and increased risk of developing schizophrenia. However, the exact nature of this relationship is still being studied and debated by researchers.

Question 16

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. This risk is higher for those who use cannabis regularly and at a young age. However, it is important to note that cannabis use is not the sole cause of schizophrenia and there are other factors that contribute to the development of this mental illness.

Question 17

Research on the effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment has shown all of the following effects EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Research on the effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment has shown reduced hospitalizations, stabilized housing, and lower treatment costs, but not increased assertive communication. Assertive communication is a core component of Assertive Community Treatment, and thus, it would not make sense for it to be an outcome measure.

Question 18

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) has been criticized by some for being coercive and paternalistic.

Accepted Answer

ACT has been criticized by some for imposing treatment on individuals without their consent and for a model that emphasizes control over individual autonomy. This has led to concerns about coercion and paternalism.

Question 19

The guiding principle of Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) as a treatment for schizophrenia is

Accepted Answer

The guiding principle of IMR is self-determination. IMR is a person-centered approach to treatment that empowers individuals with schizophrenia to develop skills and strategies for managing their illness and achieving their recovery goals. The program emphasizes individual choice and self-direction, and provides support for individuals to make informed decisions about their treatment and life goals. Cost-efficiency, spirituality, and stress reduction may be important considerations in the overall management of schizophrenia, but they are not the primary focus of IMR.

Quiz 6: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders