Several Factors Have Created a Short-Term Orientation Among Marketing Managers

Several factors have created a short-term orientation among marketing managers. Which of the following is a reason why this type of orientation exists in many organizations?

A) pressure from stockholders to produce higher quarterly revenue
B) pressure from shareholders to produce higher quarterly profits
C) a bottom line mentality in many organizations
D) rewards and punishments based on short-term returns are on the rise for most managers