Question 1

Which of the following is the term used to describe the needlelike tip used for professional irrigation?

Accepted Answer

This is the common name for the professional tip used for irrigation. Jet tip is the tip used for self-applied irrigation. Irrigant refers to the solution used in irrigation. Microsphere refers to a delivery method used for minocycline controlled release products.

Question 2

According to available research, an over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription therapeutic preprocedural rinse can reliably be counted on to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Preprocedural rinse can reduce microorganisms by over 90%. While this is a potential, it has not been substantiated through research.

Question 3

Oral chemotherapeutics are used to control plaque and prevent dental and periodontal diseases. Which of the following is the least true regarding the typical use of oral chemotherapeutics?

Accepted Answer

This is the least True because chemotherapeutics are typically used as an adjunct to traditional mechanical measures. Chemotherapeutics describe an active ingredient in some mode of delivery. Chemotherapeutics reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms. Chemotherapeutics can alter growth and development of microorganisms.

Question 4

Which of the following products is not an antibiotic-based controlled-release drug?

Accepted Answer

This is a photodynamic disinfection therapy using a dye and diode laser. Actisite refers to tetracycline. Elyzol refers to metronidazole. Arestin refers to minocycline.

Question 5

Which of the following oral chemotherapeutics is the most common delivery system for self-applied local application?

Accepted Answer

Dentifrice is the most commonly used self-applied vehicle for oral chemotherapeutics. Mouthwash is used in the home, but not at the same levels as dentifrice. Fluoride is not a delivery system; it is an active ingredient. Irrigation is used in the home, but not to levels of dentifrice.

Question 6

The two dimensions of oral chemotherapeutics are the active ingredient and the delivery system. The delivery system can be either locally or systemically applied.

Accepted Answer

These statements are both True.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true regarding controlled-release drug delivery systems except:

Accepted Answer

While these delivery systems do provide sustained reductions in microorganisms, drug delivery is usually within the 1- to 3-week period. Pockets greater than or equal to 5 mm are especially indicated for release drug delivery systems. Release drug delivery systems require the dental hygienist to place the agent; and cannot be self-applied. There is a much higher dose (1000´) in controlled released delivery systems than that provided by systemic applications.

Question 8

What is the most effective antiplaque and antigingivitis OTC proprietary agent having received the ADA seal for therapeutic efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Listerine is the only OTC proprietary agent receiving the ADA seal; it has levels of efficacy approaching CHG. Atridox and Peridex are not OTC products. Cepacol is an OTC, but is considered to be cosmetic in use only.

Question 9

The literature surrounding the therapeutic efficacy of professional subgingival irrigation is equivocal because adequate concentrations of the active ingredient are unable to be maintained for sufficient periods of time.

Accepted Answer

Professional irrigation has not been substantiated in recent reviews; it is believed that the equivocal results are due to the fact that irrigants are flushed out by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and/or are deactivated by blood products.

Question 10

Which of the following terms describes the ability of an active therapeutic agent to be retained in the oral cavity and to continue to be released over an extended period of time without losing its potency?

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of substantivity. Antimicrobial is a general term referring to the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. Bactericidal is killing microorganisms directly. Bacteriostatic is metabolism or reproduction of microorganism is affected.

Question 11

All of the following statements are true regarding the systemic delivery of antibiotics except:

Accepted Answer

Systemic doses provide lower concentrations than locally delivered methods. Antibiotics reach pockets via bloodstream. Systemic antibiotics reach the disease site by accessing the subgingival microflora via gingival crevicular fluid. Studies show a reduction in pocket depths and improvements in clinical attachment level (CAL).

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) chip?

Accepted Answer

This is True; it suppresses bacteria for several weeks following its release. CHG chips are biodegradable. Atridox is the market name for doxycycline; CHG is marketed under PerioChip. Tetracycline allergy is not a contraindication.

Question 13

All of the following describe the research guidelines provided by the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs except:

Accepted Answer

This is incorrect; studies should be 6 months long or longer. Study population should be representative of who will use the product. A study should have a product tested within realistic parameters. Require multiple studies to confirm findings.

Question 14

Which of the following agencies in North America exists to help reduce the risk of harm to clients and diminish their confusion surrounding misbranding of oral chemotherapeutics?

Accepted Answer

These agencies exist in the United States and Canada, and serve to review data to determine the safety and efficacy of products.

Question 15

All of the following statements are true regarding the current understanding surrounding oral rinses incorporating alcohol except:

Accepted Answer

The link between alcohol in oral rinses and oral cancer is not substantiated; no association has been demonstrated between the alcohol used in oral rinses and oropharyngeal cancer. Alcohol is included in oral rinse to emulsify the antimicrobial ingredients. This is a main reason for incorporating alcohol into oral rinses. Urethane in alcoholic beverages is linked to oral cancer, but the mechanism is not well understood. Recovering alcoholics and individuals taking some medications are not able to use an alcohol containing rinse.

Question 16

Periodontal disease is a complex infectious disease that requires the colonization of bacterial pathogens; thus the control of bacterial plaque biofilm is an essential component of any long-term strategy to prevent and control these dental diseases.

Accepted Answer

One component involved in periodontal disease progression is the presence of a pathogenic agent; therefore, control of pathogenic agent will help reduce a host development of disease.

Question 17

CHG is the most widely investigated broad spectrum antimicrobial used in oral chemotherapeutics. It is typically used in prescription oral rinses and for professional irrigation.

Accepted Answer

CHG is considered to be the gold standard that is used as a positive control in studies of other oral rinses.

Question 18

All of the following are true regarding the active ingredient within an oral chemotherapeutic except:

Accepted Answer

This is not True, active ingredients have varying effectiveness depending on the delivery vehicle and the concentration. Active ingredients do reduce and alter microbial pathogens. Active ingredients can kill or affect reproduction and metabolism of microorganism. Antiseptics often used along with active ingredients.

Question 19

In controlled drug delivery for treatment of periodontitis, a contraindication to the use of minocycline microspheres is a client's known sensitivity to tetracycline. The minocycline product needs to be professionally removed after it has been in place for about 10 days.

Accepted Answer

The first part is True: minocycline should not be used in clients with a known sensitivity to minocycline or tetracycline; the second part is False: the spheres become a sticky paste that is slowly resorbed.

Question 20

Subantimicrobial systemic dose of antibiotics refers most closely to which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

Subantimicrobial systemic dose of antibiotics refers to the administration of a reduced quantity of drug for alternative purposes. Subantimicrobial systemic doses of antibiotics do not demonstrate shifts in normal oral flora. It is used over long periods of time (months). It cannot be used in clients sensitive to antibiotics.

Quiz 31: Chemotherapy for the Control of Periodontitis