Question 1

Sociologists at which of these created the field of urban sociology in the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

The field of urban sociology was created in the early 20th century at the University of Chicago by sociologists such as Robert Park and Ernest Burgess. They conducted research on the social organization of cities and the urban environment, which laid the foundation for this subfield of sociology.

Question 2

Which of these factors is essential to differentiating between types of migration?

Accepted Answer

The type of movement is essential to differentiating between types of migration. This includes factors such as the reasons for migration (e.g. economic, social, political), the duration of the migration (e.g. permanent, temporary), and the distance traveled (e.g. short-distance, long-distance). The other factors listed may be important in understanding specific aspects of a particular migration, but they do not necessarily differentiate between types of migration.

Question 3

Urban sociology studies ______ structures and their impact on urban settings.

Accepted Answer

Urban sociology focuses on studying social structures and their impact on urban settings, such as social stratification, gentrification, residential segregation, and urban poverty. Religious, psychological, and maternal structures are not directly related to the study of urban sociology.

Question 4

The first studies on urbanization or urban sociology adopted a(n) ______ approach.

Accepted Answer

The first studies on urbanization or urban sociology adopted a functional approach, which viewed cities as complex systems that functioned harmoniously to meet the needs of their residents. This approach was popularized by scholars such as Louis Wirth and Robert Park during the early 20th century.

Question 5

______ refers to the movement of individuals out of a geographic area.

Accepted Answer

Emigration specifically refers to individuals leaving a geographic area, whereas migration can refer to movement in general, including both immigration and emigration. Urbanization refers to the process of increasing urban areas and populations, but not necessarily movement of individuals out of a geographic area.

Question 6

Approximately ______ people in the United States moved between 2016 and 2017.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 34.9 million people in the United States moved between 2016 and 2017, reflecting the dynamic nature of the U.S. population and its residential mobility.

Question 7

According to Schachter (2004), the majority of people that move do so for which of these reasons?

Accepted Answer

According to Schachter (2004), the majority of people move for housing related reasons such as upgrading or downsizing, seeking a safer neighborhood, or wanting a change in environment. Employment opportunities, a better life or desire to be closer to family are also common reasons but are not the majority.

Question 8

The process by which a population shifts from rural to urban settings is called which of these?

Accepted Answer

Urbanization is the process by which a population shifts from rural to urban settings. A is incorrect because segregation refers to the separation of different groups within a population. B is incorrect because suburbanization refers to the movement of people from urban to suburban areas. C is incorrect because gentrification refers to the process of renovating and improving a deteriorating urban area, often resulting in displacement of lower-income residents.

Question 9

What is the name of the process in which an excess population is concentrated in an urban area that lacks the capacity to provide basic services and shelter?

Accepted Answer

Overurbanization refers to a situation where there is a rapid growth of urban areas due to the migration of people from rural to urban areas in search of better opportunities. However, the urban areas lack the capacity to provide basic services and shelter to accommodate the influx of people.

Question 10

What is the term for an area with 2,500 or more people?

Accepted Answer

The term "urban population" refers to areas with 2,500 or more people, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Question 11

The three largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. for 2014 were which of these?

Accepted Answer

According to U.S. Census Bureau data from 2014, the three largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. were New York City with a population of 20.1 million, Los Angeles with 13.1 million, and Chicago with 9.5 million. Houston, Dallas, and Philadelphia all have populations under 7 million, making option A and B incorrect. Philadelphia is not one of the top three largest metropolitan areas, making option D incorrect.

Question 12

Which of these is TRUE of millennials according to your text?

Accepted Answer

Millennials are the first generation to grow up with mobile Internet technologies.

Question 13

What is the name for the grouping of people by their age range, a tool that is useful for social and economic planning?

Accepted Answer

Age distribution refers to the way in which a population is divided into different age groups, which is useful for social and economic planning.

Question 14

Emile Durkheim's concept of mechanical solidarity refers to which of these?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical solidarity refers to the unity found in small, simple societies where individuals are bound together by shared beliefs, values, and customs as well as a simple division of labor. The concept contrasts with organic solidarity, which describes the unity found in large, complex societies with a more complex division of labor.

Question 15

Why are functionalists critical about the shift from simple to complex societies?

Accepted Answer

Functionalists believe that the shift from simple to complex societies leads to a loss of social bonds and connections. As societies become more complex, individuals become more specialized in their occupations, and social relationships become more impersonal and formal. This reduces the sense of community and social cohesion that existed in simpler societies.

Question 16

Which theory posits that cities are built on race, class, and gender inequalities?

Accepted Answer

The socio-spatial perspective posits that cities are built on race, class, and gender inequalities. It recognizes that various groups of people are located in different areas of the city and that different neighborhoods or zones are related to certain social, economic, and political groups.

Question 17

Which of these is NOT a component of residential segregation according to the conflict perspective?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective on residential segregation emphasizes intentional structures and actions that maintain inequality, such as discrimination in the housing market or employment opportunities, and the formation of racially/ethnically distinct neighborhoods. Accidental discrimination due to haphazard planning does not align with the conflict perspective's focus on deliberate and systemic inequalities.

Question 18

Which sociological perspective views city living as a state of mind?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective in sociology focuses on the symbolic interactions and meanings people attach to their actions and surroundings. Therefore, they view city living as a state of mind because people's experiences and interactions within the city shape their perceptions and attitudes towards urban areas.

Question 19

When residents of several Southern California cities were asked to draw maps of their residential areas, ______ individuals included more details and area, while ______ individuals included fewer details and area.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals from middle- and upper-income backgrounds tend to include more details and a larger area when asked to draw maps of their residential areas. This is likely because they have greater access to and interaction with a wider area in their communities, possibly due to having more resources, such as cars and free time. In contrast, lower-income individuals often have more limited access and interactions within their communities, leading to maps with fewer details and a smaller area covered.

Question 20

These households increasingly make up the majority of inner city households.

Accepted Answer

The sentence is discussing the households that make up the majority of inner city households. The options presented are male-headed, women-headed, elderly, and teenage. Of these options, the best choice is women-headed households as they have been increasing in number in recent years and are more likely to live in urban areas.

Quiz 14: Urbanization and Population Growth