Question 1

Under what was known as the Frankpledge System, citizens raised the __________ upon being victimized, which generated a response from every able bodied male in the community.

Accepted Answer

The term "hue and cry" refers to a loud call for assistance that was part of the Frankpledge System in medieval England. When a crime was committed, victims would raise the hue and cry, which would prompt able-bodied men in the community to pursue the offender and bring them to justice. This system helped maintain law and order in a time when there was no official police force.

Question 2

London magistrate Sir Henry Fielding is credited with creating the ___________, a precursor to the first formal police department.

Accepted Answer

Sir Henry Fielding is credited with creating the Bow Street Runners in the 1750s, which were a group of amateur law enforcement officers who patrolled the streets and helped to maintain order. They are considered to be a precursor to the first formal police department, the London Metropolitan Police Force, which was established in 1829. The other choices, Police of the Metropolis and London Bounty Hunters, are not historically accurate terms for early law enforcement in London.

Question 3

__________ were laws designed to nullify the rights granted to newly freed slaves in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in the United States after the Civil War with the intent to restrict the newly gained rights of African Americans and to effect a quasi-labor system similar to the one that existed before the Civil War. Black Codes were a predecessor to the Jim Crow laws in the United States.

Question 4

The three eras of policing include all of the following, EXCEPT the _________ era.

Accepted Answer

The three eras of policing are typically identified as the political era (mid-1800s to early 1900s), the reform era (1930s to 1970s), and the community era (1980s to present). The antagonistic era is not recognized as one of the main eras of policing.

Question 5

__________, or the practice of rewarding friends, created early police departments that often reflected the communities they served.

Accepted Answer

Patronage was the practice of rewarding friends and political supporters with government jobs or appointments. In the early stages of policing, many police departments were formed through patronage, resulting in a workforce that often mirrored the community it served.

Question 6

The ___________ (also known as the Kerner Commission) was created to study the causes behind the rioting of the 1960s.

Accepted Answer

The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the Kerner Commission, was created in 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson to study the causes behind the urban riots that occurred throughout the United States during the 1960s. The other choices were not specific to studying the causes of the riots during the 1960s.

Question 7

As determined in the Supreme Court case ___________, the exclusionary rule prohibits the introduction in court of illegally seized materials.

Accepted Answer

The exclusionary rule was established in Mapp v. Ohio, where the Supreme Court determined that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures could not be used in state criminal prosecutions. The rule seeks to deter police misconduct and protect citizens' Fourth Amendment rights.

Question 8

Government agencies that receive public funds and all private employers must have affirmative action plans. Affirmative action plans require employers to do all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action plans require employers to conduct a census of current employees, identify underutilization or concentration of minorities and women, and develop a recruiting plan to correct any underutilization of minorities or women. However, there is no specific requirement to ensure that at least 10% of administrative positions are held by females or minorities. The aim is to promote equal employment opportunities and avoid discrimination based on race or gender.

Question 9

Too often, women and minorities in policing experience the __________, or an abstract barrier preventing certain groups and/or individuals from moving beyond entry-level positions.

Accepted Answer

The term "glass ceiling" specifically refers to the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in their careers, particularly in male-dominated industries such as law enforcement. The other answer choices do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 10

The term "underpolicing" refers to the police denying equal protection to racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. by failing to protect them from violent racist actions by Whites.

Accepted Answer

Underpolicing refers to the insufficient or inadequate police protection and services provided to certain communities, often based on racial or ethnic discrimination, leading to these communities being more vulnerable to crimes, including violent racist actions.

Question 11

The London Metropolitan Police Act, passed in 1829, disbanded all formalized policing in London.

Accepted Answer

The London Metropolitan Police Act, passed in 1829, created the first formalized police force in London, known as the Metropolitan Police Service.

Question 12

In the early American South, slave patrols were prohibited from entering the dwelling of slaves.

Accepted Answer

In the early American South, slave patrols had the authority to enter and search the dwellings of slaves at any time.

Question 13

Limited technology and walking beats are representative of the community era of policing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Limited technology and walking beats are representative...

Question 14

The Watts (CA) riot was initiated by a traffic stop.

Accepted Answer

The Watts riot began on August 11, 1965, after the arrest of an African American man for drunk driving. However, many believe that the riot was a result of longstanding racial tensions and economic disparities in the community.

Question 15

In the Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, the Court mandated that all defendants are entitled to representation.

Accepted Answer

Terry v. Ohio was actually a case about the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure. While the decision did address the legality of police stop and frisks (which are now commonly known as Terry stops), it did not address the issue of defendants' right to representation.

Question 16

The Christopher Commission was assembled in the wake of the Rodney King incident in response to claims of Los Angeles police officer misbehavior.

Accepted Answer

The Christopher Commission was formed to investigate claims of Los Angeles police officer misbehavior after the Rodney King incident.

Question 17

The police subculture promotes a distinct working personality that encourages solidarity, authoritarianism, and sometimes the exclusion of female and minority officers.

Accepted Answer

The police subculture is known for promoting a distinct working personality that includes characteristics such as solidarity, authoritarianism, and at times, the exclusion of female and minority officers. This has been a widely researched and documented phenomenon in the field of criminology and criminal justice.

Question 18

Alice Collins was the first African American female to head a large municipal police department.

Accepted Answer

The first African American female to head a large municipal police department was Penny Harrington, who became the Chief of the Portland Police Bureau in Portland, Oregon, in 1985. Alice Collins is not recognized for this achievement in historical records or notable sources.

Question 19

It is argued that some Black officers suffer from double marginality, meaning that they are viewed as traitors by some in the black community, while their White officer colleagues may distrust them.

Accepted Answer

Double marginality refers to the experience of being marginalized twice, in this case both in the black community and in the police force, due to one's racial identity. Black officers may face skepticism from their white colleagues who may view them as not fully belonging, as well as scrutiny from members of the black community who may view them as betraying their race by working as a police officer within a system that is often viewed as inherently racist.

Question 20

The __________ explanation of police use deadly force holds that disproportionate shootings of African American residents are more likely to occur where racial or economic differences are greatest, because of the threat resultant from the divisions between the groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ explanation of police use deadly...

Quiz 11: Policing and Multiculturalism