Question 1

What is one of the best ways to ensure that individuals are honest when filling out self-report questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

Telling individuals that their responses will remain anonymous is the best way to ensure they are honest when filling out self-report questionnaires. This removes the fear of judgment or repercussions for being truthful and allows individuals to answer as honestly as possible without feeling self-conscious. A and D may also help with honesty, but not as effectively as ensuring anonymity. B is not a practical or reasonable solution.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an implicit measure?

Accepted Answer

Implicit measures are measures that do not rely on self-report or conscious awareness. Option C is an example of an implicit measure as it measures automatic associations that people have between concepts (peace and war) and stimuli (flowers and spiders). Options A and B rely on self-report or observations, therefore, they are not examples of implicit measures.

Question 3

________ measures reveal people's automatic evaluations of objects, whereas ________ measures reveal people's overtly expressed evaluations of attitude objects.

Accepted Answer

Implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) tap into automatic or unconscious evaluations, while explicit measures such as self-report questionnaires or Likert ratings measure overt or consciously held attitudes. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it accurately distinguishes between the two types of measures.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about implicit measures is true?

Accepted Answer

Implicit measures are designed to tap into the unconscious associations that people have between certain stimuli and evaluations or attitudes. Therefore, they can reveal people's underlying positive and negative associations, even if they are not consciously aware of them. They are not necessarily an accurate reflection of people's explicit attitudes, as individuals may have biases or social desirability concerns that could influence their explicit responses. They are also difficult for people to control or manipulate, as they are often based on reaction times or physiological responses that are beyond conscious control.

Question 5

Gloria has met a number of people from Canada and she has always found them to be pleasant and funny. In the future, Gloria knows that she will gladly seek out and interact with Canadians again. Gloria's attitude about Canadians has led her to want to interact with them, therefore this attitude has served a(n) _______ function.

Accepted Answer

Gloria's attitude towards Canadians, based on her positive experiences with them, has instrumentally motivated her to seek out and interact with them again.

Question 6

Lionel is about to meet his partner's parents for the first time. Lionel knows that the parents are very conservative, so he decides not to discuss his own liberal views around them. Lionel's goal is for a smooth interaction, therefore this example demonstrates the __________ function of attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The impression management function of attitudes refers to using attitudes to present oneself in a favorable light to others. In this scenario, Lionel is consciously choosing to hide his liberal views to avoid conflict and create a positive impression with his partner's parents who he knows to be conservative.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about social identity and the environment are true?

Accepted Answer

All the statements reflect findings from research on social identity, political orientation, and environmental attitudes. Conservatives may show more skepticism towards green technology or climate change but can be motivated by framing environmentalism in terms of patriotism. People high in social dominance orientation, who prioritize hierarchy and in-group dominance, may also show less concern for environmental issues, including global warming.

Question 8

Which ad would likely be more appealing to a middle-aged adult from Korea?

Accepted Answer

The concept of family is highly valued in Korean culture, and connecting with loved ones is a strong motivator. Therefore, the ad that emphasizes this connection is likely to be more appealing to a middle-aged adult from Korea.

Question 9

George believes that Macs are the best laptops because they rarely break down and they have a user-friendly interface. This belief of George's is an example of the ______ information that people have about attitude objects.

Accepted Answer

George's belief about Macs being the best laptop due to their reliability and user-friendliness is a cognitive component of his attitude towards Macs. Cognitive components refer to an individual's beliefs or thoughts about an attitude object. Affective components refer to emotional responses towards the object, behavioral components refer to the individual's intentions and actions towards the object, and implicit components are unconscious attitudes that may not be outwardly expressed.

Question 10

Darlene, a 62-year old woman, has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for most of her adult life. During this time, she had convinced herself that smoking was not that bad for her. But, after repeatedly being told how bad smoking is for her, Darlene starts to believe it. Based on the research on familiarity and health warnings, it is likely that:

Accepted Answer

Repeated exposure to health warnings can lead to familiarity, which may reduce their impact over time, potentially leading individuals like Darlene to revert to their original beliefs about smoking.

Quiz 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change