Question 1

A boy who hits at age three,shoplifts at age ten,commits burglary at age 19 and rapes at 26 would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

The boy described demonstrates a history of behavior that spans across his life course, from childhood to young adulthood, which suggests he is a life-course persistent offender. This pattern of behavior typically involves early onset of delinquency, persistent criminal behavior, and failure to desist despite various interventions and opportunities. ADHD and adolescent-limited offenders typically exhibit a more limited and less severe criminal history. The term "incorrigible offender" typically refers to young offenders who exhibit a pattern of chronic and severe disobedience to authority figures, but may not necessarily engage in serious criminal behavior.

Question 2

All of the following are status offenses except

Accepted Answer

Running away, incorrigibility, and truancy are all considered status offenses because they are behaviors that are only considered illegal because of the age of the individual involved. Cocaine use, on the other hand, is not a status offense but is a criminal offense at any age.

Question 3

Psychological definitions of delinquency usually include

Accepted Answer

Psychological definitions of delinquency generally focus on conduct disorder and antisocial behavior, which are behaviors that violate social norms and rules. Habitual behavior and violent behavior may be included, but these are not mutually exclusive from conduct disorder and antisocial behavior. Cruelty to animals and fire setting may be included in some definitions, but these are often subtypes of conduct disorder or antisocial behavior. Status offenses are typically excluded from psychological definitions of delinquency, as they do not involve rule-breaking behavior that would be considered delinquent if committed by an adult.

Question 4

According to the coercive perspective,gender differences in antisocial behavior are the result of

Accepted Answer

The coercive perspective on gender differences in antisocial behavior suggests that these differences are largely due to different social reinforcements that boys and girls receive for their behavior. This perspective emphasizes how societal and familial expectations and reinforcements shape behavior, including antisocial actions, differently for males and females.

Question 5

A child delinquent is between the ages of

Accepted Answer

Child delinquents are typically defined as children between the ages of 7 and 12 who engage in illegal or antisocial behavior.

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about gender differences in status offenses?

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that gender differences in offending are not likely explained by innate biological factors. Rather, social and environmental factors such as socialization, victimization, and access to opportunities for delinquent behavior are more likely to contribute to gender differences in status offenses.

Question 7

All of the following are major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents except

Accepted Answer

Offenses against the public order, unlawful acts against property, and status offenses are all major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents. However, sexual offenses are not typically included as a major category, although they can certainly be committed by delinquents.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful intervention programs for serious juvenile offenders?

Accepted Answer

Successful intervention programs for serious juvenile offenders do not rely on peer groups as models for change. Instead, they focus on developmental principles, involve the juvenile's family, and begin early in the child's developmental trajectory to address issues before they escalate.

Question 9

Poor interpersonal skills,conduct disorders,and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of ________ offenders.

Accepted Answer

LCP (Life Course Persistent) offenders are individuals who exhibit antisocial behavior from childhood through adulthood. They often have poor interpersonal skills, conduct disorders, and difficult temperaments. AL (Adolescence Limited) offenders have a temporary period of delinquency during adolescence but typically do not continue criminal behavior into adulthood. Status offenders refer to individuals who commit offenses that are only illegal because of their status as minors (e.g. truancy, running away from home). Delinquent offenders refer to individuals who commit criminal acts.

Question 10

Research suggests that serious juvenile offenders

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found that serious juvenile offenders tend to have poor social skills, which can contribute to their criminal behavior. These deficits in social competency often persist into adulthood if left untreated.

Question 11

A program designed to prevent delinquent behavior before any signs of the behavioral pattern emerge is called

Accepted Answer

Universal prevention programs focus on preventing the occurrence of a problem (in this case, delinquent behavior) in an entire population, regardless of their individual risk level. These programs are implemented before any signs of the behavior pattern emerge and are designed to promote positive development and healthy behaviors, reducing the likelihood that youth engage in delinquent or criminal activities. Secondary prevention programs, on the other hand, focus on individuals who have shown early signs of delinquent behavior or risk factors for such behavior. Tertiary prevention programs target individuals who have already engaged in delinquent or criminal behavior, with the goal of reducing recidivism rates and preventing further delinquent acts. Selective prevention programs are aimed at individuals who are at higher risk for delinquent behavior based on specific risk factors, such as family environment, peer relationships, or substance abuse.

Question 12

Most of the crime of the young is committed by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of the crime of the young...

Question 13

Which type of prevention consists of working with children and adolescents who demonstrate some early signs of aggressive,antisocial,conduct disorder,or delinquent behavior but have not yet been formally classified as delinquent?

Accepted Answer

The type of prevention described is Secondary prevention, which targets individuals who have not yet been formally classified as delinquent but demonstrate early signs of problem behavior. The goal of this type of prevention is to intervene early and prevent further progression towards delinquent behavior. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of problem behavior in the general population, while tertiary prevention targets individuals who have already been formally classified as delinquent and aims to prevent further criminal behavior. Multisystemic prevention is an approach that combines multiple prevention strategies to address risk factors across multiple systems (e.g., family, school, community).

Question 14

The statute that allows the detention or supervision of a juvenile presumed to be in need of protection is called

Accepted Answer

PINS stands for Persons In Need of Supervision, and refers to a juvenile who is deemed to be beyond the control of their parents or guardians, or who has committed certain lesser offenses. This statute allows for the detention or supervision of such juveniles.

Question 15

What is the name of the two-pronged selective prevention program that was based on developmental principles and targeted multiple risk factors in high-risk children?

Accepted Answer

The Fast Track Experiment was a two-pronged selective prevention program that targeted multiple risk factors in high-risk children. It was based on developmental principles and aimed to prevent the development of conduct disorders in children.

Question 16

According to Loeber et al.(2003),child delinquents ________ compared to adolescents who begin offending in their teens.

Accepted Answer

Loeber et al. (2003) found that child delinquents were two to three times more likely to become serious, violent, and chronic offenders compared to adolescents who begin offending in their teens.

Question 17

How many states tried as adults in criminal courts under certain conditions and for certain offenses?

Accepted Answer

All fifty states have provisions that allow for juveniles to be tried as adults in criminal courts under certain conditions and for certain offenses.

Question 18

Which statement is most accurate about juvenile crime?

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, juvenile crime rates have been steadily decreasing since the mid 1990s. In 1997, the juvenile arrest rate for violent offenses was 339 per 100,000 juveniles. In 2017, that number had decreased to 165 per 100,000 juveniles.

Question 19

Which status offense has substantially increased in recent years?

Accepted Answer

Underage drinking has substantially increased in recent years, particularly among high school students. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2019, about 7.0 million people ages 12–20 reported drinking alcohol in the past month, with 4.2 million reporting binge drinking. This trend has raised concerns about the potential negative consequences of underage drinking, including increased risk of alcohol-related accidents and injuries, impaired brain development, and higher likelihood of addiction later in life.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

Most prevention programs have had varying degrees of success, and it's inaccurate to state that virtually no programs have been highly successful. While challenges exist, some programs have indeed shown effectiveness in reducing antisocial and delinquent behaviors.

Quiz 6: Juvenile Delinquincy