Question 1

Children with callous-unemotional traits lack empathic concern for others.

Accepted Answer

Children with callous-unemotional traits tend to have a lack of empathic concern for others, as they struggle to understand and care about the feelings and emotions of those around them. This can lead to a range of problematic behaviors, including aggression, bullying, manipulation, and harming animals or other people. It is important to address and treat these traits early on in order to prevent more serious and harmful behaviors from developing later in life.

Question 2

The most frequent diagnosis for children who commit acts of violence against other children is antisocial personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is a diagnosis typically reserved for individuals aged 18 and above. Children who commit acts of violence against other children may be diagnosed with a range of conditions, including conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but not typically antisocial personality disorder.

Question 3

The major focus of MST is

Accepted Answer

The major focus of MST is on the family. This includes improving family relationships, communication, and functioning, as well as addressing any individual mental health or substance abuse issues within the family system. While MST can work with delinquent adolescents, it is not limited to this population and can be effective with a range of youth and their families. Socio-economic status is an important consideration in terms of accessing and implementing services, but it is not the main focus of MST. Adolescent-limited offenders are a specific type of juvenile offender, but MST is designed to work with a variety of youth and their families, not just those who have committed crimes.

Question 4

The stage of development described in Moffitt's 2002 follow-up study in which young people flounder,choosing not to occupy traditional adult roles such as marriage or parenthood is called

Accepted Answer

Moffitt's 2002 follow-up study identifies the stage of "emerging adulthood," which is the period of life between adolescence and adulthood where individuals may delay traditional adult roles such as marriage and parenthood to explore various identity options and make important life decisions. Option A (advanced life-course persistent) refers to individuals who engage in antisocial behavior from childhood through adulthood. Option C (early onset persistent delinquent) refers to individuals who begin engaging in delinquent behavior at a young age and continue to do so throughout their lives. Option D (delayed maturity) is a general term that does not specifically refer to the stage of development described in Moffitt's study.

Question 5

Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.

Accepted Answer

Female delinquency rates have not steadily decreased since 1995; instead, they have shown fluctuations, with periods of increase and decrease, and in some contexts, the rates have increased or remained stable rather than steadily declining.

Question 6

The adolescent-limited delinquent is most likely to be involved in offenses that symbolize adult privilege.

Accepted Answer

The adolescent-limited delinquent is a term used to describe individuals who engage in delinquent behaviors during adolescence but typically desist from such behaviors as they transition into adulthood. These individuals are more likely to engage in offenses that are considered "typical" of adolescence such as vandalism, substance use, and petty theft. They are less likely to engage in offenses that symbolize adult privilege such as white-collar crime or political corruption.

Question 7

Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as ________ intervention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have...

Question 8

Prevention and treatment programs that are designed to foster and maintain resilience in youth are also known as

Accepted Answer

Strength-based programs focus on building and nurturing the strengths and assets of individuals or communities, rather than solely addressing weaknesses or problems. Programs that aim to foster and maintain resilience in youth would fall under this category, as they work to build upon existing strengths and skills in order to help youth better cope with challenges and setbacks.

Question 9

Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking is based on evidence from the field of

Accepted Answer

Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking is based on evidence from neuroscience, specifically on the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex and limbic system. The model suggests that adolescents are more likely to take risks because their prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is not fully developed, while their limbic system, which governs emotions and rewards, is more active.

Question 10

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on ________,whereas Moffitt's Developmental Theory emphasizes ________.

Accepted Answer

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory focuses on the role of parenting in the development of delinquent behavior, whereas Moffitt's Developmental Theory emphasizes individual characteristics of the child, such as impulsivity and self-control.

Question 11

All of the following are characteristic of juveniles with the callous-unemotional trait cluster except

Accepted Answer

The callous-unemotional trait cluster is associated with a lack of empathetic concern for others, poverty of emotional expression, and limited capacity for guilt. However, it is not necessarily associated with a tendency to commit status offenses, which are minor offenses only applicable to juveniles, such as truancy or curfew violation.

Question 12

There is good evidence that most serious,persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that most serious and persistent delinquency and crime patterns tend to begin early, often in adolescence or even childhood, and then escalate and worsen with age if not effectively addressed through intervention and prevention efforts. Factors such as peer influences, family dynamics, poverty, and exposure to violence and trauma can all contribute to the development and progression of delinquency and criminal behavior over time.

Question 13

Studies comparing MFT and FFT have found that MST is more effective at reducing recidivism for high-risk offenders.

Accepted Answer

MST (Multisystemic Therapy) is not directly compared to MFT (Marriage and Family Therapy) or FFT (Functional Family Therapy) in the statement; instead, MST is noted for its effectiveness in reducing recidivism among high-risk offenders, but the comparison lacks specific context or results against MFT and FFT.

Question 14

According to Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking,when are adolescents most vulnerable to considerable risk?

Accepted Answer

According to Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking, adolescents are most vulnerable to considerable risk when they are with peers. This is because the development of the brain systems responsible for impulse control and decision-making are still ongoing during adolescence, while the reward-seeking system is already active. When adolescents are in the presence of peers, the reward-seeking system can override the impulse control system, leading to risky behavior.

Question 15

Waaktaar et al.(2004)conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths.The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention.What were these four factors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Waaktaar et al.(2004)conducted a study to explore...

Question 16

Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior.This treatment approach is called

Accepted Answer

The treatment approach designed by Scott Henggeler and his colleagues for serious juvenile offenders is called multisystemic therapy. This approach focuses on addressing the various social systems surrounding the child and helping to create positive changes in these systems to prevent further delinquent behavior. It is a highly researched and effective treatment approach for juvenile offenders. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 17

In studies examining gender differences and juvenile crime,recent research has shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses is getting smaller.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has indeed shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses among juveniles is decreasing. This means that there is less of a difference between male and female juveniles regarding these types of crimes. However, there may still be other gender differences in juvenile delinquency that exist.

Question 18

Juveniles as a group are responsible for a small percentage of arrests compared with adults,although they are arrested disproportionately compared with other age groups.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Juveniles make up a small percentage of total arrests, but they are arrested at a higher rate compared to other age groups such as adults.

Question 19

We know far too little about girls' crime,the reasons it is committed,and the social and developmental factors that precipitate it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Despite increased attention to gender and crime in recent years, there is still a lack of comprehensive research and understanding when it comes to girls' involvement in crime.

Question 20

The Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, the Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys, indicating that the statement is true.

Quiz 6: Juvenile Delinquincy