Question 1

Discuss possible reasons for the current obesity epidemic seen in the US and other countries and the relative efficacy of currently available obesity treatment options and preventions.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

The multidimensional view of sleep disorders makes the assumption that biological and nonbiological factors will be present in most sleep problems and that these factors will be

Accepted Answer

The multidimensional view of sleep disorders suggests that biological and nonbiological factors will be reciprocally related. This means that these factors will not only be present in most sleep problems but will also interact with each other to create and exacerbate sleep difficulties. Therefore, this view emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to sleep assessment and treatment that addresses multiple factors simultaneously.

Question 3

Martin sits up every night screaming.He does not remember these terrors nor is he easily awakened or comforted.What should Martin's mother do?

Accepted Answer

Using scheduled awakenings to briefly awaken Martin before an attack occurs has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and duration of sleep terrors. This method involves waking the person up approximately 15-30 minutes before the expected time of the sleep terror, and keeping them awake for a few minutes before allowing them to go back to sleep. This interrupts the sleep cycle and can prevent the terror from occurring. In contrast, waking Martin up during the attack or making him very tired before bed are not effective strategies for managing sleep terrors.

Question 4

The psychological disorder category with the highest mortality rate is

Accepted Answer

Eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia, have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder. This is mainly due to the physical complications that can arise from extreme weight loss and malnutrition, including heart failure and organ damage. Additionally, individuals with eating disorders are at a higher risk for suicide than the general population.

Question 5

While cheering for his son,Jim suddenly collapses to the floor and gets up after a few moments.What characteristic of narcolepsy may Jim have experienced?

Accepted Answer

Cataplexy is a sudden loss of muscle tone, often triggered by strong emotions such as excitement or laughter. This could have caused Jim to collapse while cheering for his son. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations typically occur during the transition between waking and sleeping, and are not related to sudden muscle weakness or collapse.

Question 6

________ are disturbances in arousal and sleep stage transition,while ________ are disturbances in the amount,timing,or quality of sleep.

Accepted Answer

According to the given definitions, disturbances in arousal and sleep stage transition belong to parasomnias, while disturbances in the amount, timing, or quality of sleep belong to dyssomnias. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 7

Describe primary insomnia and contrast it to hypersomnia and narcolepsy.

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Question 8

Abnormal events such as nightmares,sleep terrors,and sleepwalking that occur during sleep or during the twilight time between sleep and waking are classified as _________.

Accepted Answer

Abnormal events such as nightmares, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking are classified as parasomnias. Dyssomnias refer to sleep disorders that involve difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Narcolepsy is a disorder that causes excessive sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep. REM disorders involve disruptions in the REM stage of sleep.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of those who develop anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Low intelligence is not a typical characteristic of those who develop anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Female gender, upper socioeconomic status, and competitive environments are commonly associated with these eating disorders.

Question 10

In what ways do anorexia and bulimia patients tend to be similar and in what ways do they differ? Make certain to include similarities and differences in the symptoms of the disorders as well as the dysfunctional thoughts typically associated with each disorder.

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Question 11

On the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 8,Susan mentioned that she often compensated for eating by purging.She indicated that her weight has been as low as 87 pounds.Her diagnosis is ____________.

Accepted Answer

Susan's behavior of purging to compensate for eating and her extremely low weight suggest a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, which often involves restrictive eating and purging behaviors.

Question 12

________________ type anorexics rely on diets to lose weight; _______________ type anorexics use vomiting or laxatives for this purpose.

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Question 13

Describe the characteristics of binge-eating disorder and discuss whether it should be considered a full-fledged eating disorder.

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Question 14

Sleepwalking is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking typically occurs during the non-REM sleep phase, particularly in the slow-wave sleep stages, not during REM sleep when dreams are most vivid and likely to be acted out. Acting out dreams is more characteristic of REM sleep behavior disorder, not sleepwalking.

Question 15

Susan,who described her experience with anorexia on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 8,said that as soon as she eats,she

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Question 16

The combination of a "toxic environment," genetics,physiology,and personality constitutes the cause for

Accepted Answer

Obesity is often caused by a combination of factors including a "toxic environment" (such as easy access to high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyle), genetics, physiology, and personality traits.

Question 17

Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia are generally "blamed" on culture and society.At the same time,there appears to be a genetic influence.Explain how culture and genetics may interact in the development of anorexia and bulimia.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Which of the following is not necessary for a diagnosis of bulimia?

Accepted Answer

Purging is not necessary for a diagnosis of bulimia; some individuals may engage in non-purging compensatory behaviors like excessive exercise or fasting.

Question 19

A tax on high-fat,high-calorie foods would

Accepted Answer

A tax on high-fat, high-calorie foods could have mixed results. It could potentially discourage people from consuming unhealthy foods, leading to positive health outcomes such as weight loss and a reduction in related health problems. However, it could also have negative effects on low-income individuals who may rely on these foods as a cheaper option or on small businesses that sell these types of foods. Additionally, there may be challenges in determining which foods qualify for the tax and enforcing it effectively.

Question 20

What appears to be the main cause of anorexia and bulimia?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural factors are considered a main cause of anorexia and bulimia, as societal pressures and cultural ideals about body image can significantly influence the development of these eating disorders.

Quiz 8: Eating And Sleep Disorders