Question 1

Essential hypertension refers to

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension, also known as primary or idiopathic hypertension, is high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. It is the most common type of hypertension, accounting for 95% of cases. The term "essential" reflects the fact that it is a primary disease process and not secondary to another medical condition.

Question 2

Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to

Accepted Answer

Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors such as smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and a poor diet can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of strokes and coronary heart disease. Additionally, these behaviors can also lead to high blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for both strokes and coronary heart disease. Therefore, all three conditions can be directly impacted by unhealthy and/or risky behaviors related to the cardiovascular system. Reduced immunity to autoimmune diseases is not directly related to cardiovascular health.

Question 3

Miss T was slightly injured in an accident but has fully recovered.Although she has been given medical clearance to go back to work and resume her normal activities,she maintains that she is still suffering from pain.You would correctly assess Miss T as someone who probably has

Accepted Answer

Miss T's insistence on still being in pain despite medical clearance to resume normal activities suggests a possible intention to file a disability claim.

Question 4

Group psychotherapy for cancer patients tends to

Accepted Answer

Group psychotherapy for cancer patients has been shown to increase survival times, likely due to the psychological support and stress reduction it provides, which can have positive effects on physical health.

Question 5

Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure including all of the following EXCEPT _____________.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive skills have not been identified as a significant psychological factor in explaining individual variations in blood pressure. Coping style, personality, and level of stress have all been found to play a role.

Question 6

Psychosocial interventions such as stress reduction techniques for chronically ill individuals are thought to affect the disease process via the immune system in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Psychosocial interventions are intended to provide patients with hope, empowerment, and support. It is not beneficial to help patients realize their sense of hopelessness, as this would undermine the purpose of the intervention. The other options all describe ways in which psychosocial interventions can positively impact the immune system and therefore the disease process.

Question 7

Benefit finding refers to

Accepted Answer

Benefit finding refers to looking for the positive consequences of a negative event, such as getting cancer. It is a coping mechanism that can help individuals find meaning, growth, and resilience in the face of adversity.

Question 8

LaDanian has recently started losing weight,developed a fever,and experiences night sweats.He may be experiencing ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of LaDanian has recently started losing weight,developed a...

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Group psychotherapy cannot always prolong life in cancer patients. While it has been shown to have benefits in terms of decreasing depression, anxiety, and improving quality of life, it cannot guarantee a longer life for all cancer patients.

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT describe an effective psychosocial intervention that has been reported in oncology research studies?

Accepted Answer

The use of cognitive imaging techniques that temporarily render the AIDS virus inactive for brief periods is not a described effective psychosocial intervention in oncology research studies. It is not relevant to oncology research because it relates to the treatment of the AIDS virus, not cancer. The other options mentioned (A, B, and C) are all effective psychosocial interventions that have been reported in oncology research studies.

Question 11

Mr.Velasquez is participating in a clinical research study that is investigating psychological factors that may influence the development of heart disease.When he is instructed to imagine a situation in which he was very angry,the sensors monitoring his heart reveal that

Accepted Answer

When Mr. Velasquez imagines a situation that makes him very angry, it is likely that his sympathetic nervous system will be activated, leading to a release of adrenaline and an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. As a result, his heart may be pumping less efficiently in order to meet the increased demands of his body. This response is not necessarily harmful on its own, but if it becomes chronic and long-term, it may contribute to the development of heart disease.

Question 12

Gregor has just learned that his spouse of 28 years has died in an automobile accident.Upon hearing the news,Gregor collapsed and was rushed to the hospital in apparent heart failure.Gregor probably suffered

Accepted Answer

Gregor likely experienced myocardial stunning, a temporary condition where heart muscle function is suddenly and severely reduced due to a stressful event, such as the emotional shock of hearing about his spouse's death. This condition can mimic heart failure symptoms but is typically reversible with appropriate medical care.

Question 13

In comparison to men in the U.S.,Japanese men exhibit

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Japanese men exhibit lower levels of Type A behavior and have lower rates of coronary heart disease compared to men in the U.S. It is believed that cultural factors, such as a more collectivistic society and a stronger emphasis on social harmony, may contribute to this difference.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct match of medical condition and its definition?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction is the death of heart tissue due to a completely clogged artery. Angina is chest pain caused by partial obstruction of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is the build-up of plaque in the arteries leading to their narrowing, which can cause deficiency of blood to a body part. Ischemia is the inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, usually due to an obstruction in the arteries.

Question 15

During laboratory stress tests,which of the following individuals has been shown to have greater reactivity in their blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Those with normal blood pressure whose parents had high blood pressure have been shown to have greater reactivity in their blood pressure during laboratory stress tests compared to those with normal blood pressure whose parents had normal blood pressure or those with very low blood pressure whose parents had either low or normal blood pressure. This suggests a genetic factor in blood pressure reactivity during stress.

Question 16

Brief psychosocial treatments aimed at reducing stress while increasing coping and control leads to improved immune system and prolonged life in

Accepted Answer

Brief psychosocial treatments that aim to reduce stress and increase coping skills and control have been shown to have positive effects on the immune system and overall well-being in both cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. Studies have found that these types of interventions can lead to improved quality of life, reduced depressive symptoms, and even prolonged survival in some cases.

Question 17

Cardiac damage has recently been related to ______________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that all of these emotions, anger, anxiety, and depression, can have negative effects on the heart and are associated with an increased risk of cardiac damage and cardiovascular disease.

Question 18

In reference to the clinical research studies focusing on factors that are implicated in heart disease,which of the following is an accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

The statement that both men and women with the Type A behavioral pattern were more likely to develop coronary heart disease than were non-Type A individuals is the most accurate statement. The other options are either not supported by the research or are too specific without a broader context.

Question 19

In regard to the condition termed "chronic pain," most researchers now agree that the cause of chronic pain and resulting high costs to our healthcare system are primarily

Accepted Answer

Chronic pain is a complex condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, including physical, emotional, and social factors. Research suggests that chronic pain is often associated with psychological and social factors, such as stress, anxiety, depression, social isolation, and a lack of social support. These factors can exacerbate the physical pain experienced by patients and complicate the treatment process. Therefore, the best choice is C, both psychological and social.

Question 20

Since heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States,it would be very important,in terms of prevention,to determine if

Accepted Answer

Since heart disease is a preventable condition, identifying changes in behavior, lifestyle, and attitude that may reduce the risk of heart attacks is the most effective approach to preventing heart disease. While better medications, heart transplants, and psychotherapy may help people who already have heart disease, prevention is the key to reducing the overall incidence of heart disease in the population.

Quiz 9: Physical Disorders And Health Psychology