Question 1

Many scholars argue that policing cybercrime has become more 'pluralized,' meaning that _______________.?
A) the recruitment of policemen and women has increased substantially
B) law enforcement agencies are involving other actors in policing activity
C) law enforcement agencies have been expanding their inventory of policing tools and technology
D) the police are focused more towards computer-mediated crime rather than street crime

Accepted Answer

Pluralization refers to involving other actors in policing activities. Therefore, option B is the most suitable choice as it suggests that law enforcement agencies are involving other actors in policing cybercrime. Option A is unrelated and does not reflect the concept of pluralization. Option C might be a part of pluralization, but it does not directly relate to the involvement of other actors. Option D is not a synonym or relevant to pluralization.

Question 2

Wall (2007) states that cybercrimes may fall into 'the de minimis trap.' In other words, _______________.?
A) law enforcement agencies become solely fixated on cybercrime issues that they tend to ignore proximate issues, such as street crimes within neighbourhoods
B) a high-profile cybercrime case will eventually cause a 'moral panic' among the populous
C) cybercrimes tend to fall below the threshold of seriousness since they are perceived as low-impact in nature
D) state and local governments will use cybercrimes to advance their own agendas

Accepted Answer

The de minimis trap refers to the notion that cybercrimes may be perceived as low-impact in nature and fall below the threshold of seriousness, leading to law enforcement agencies giving them less attention than other crimes.

Question 3

The _______________ in the UK absorbed both the Serious and Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) and the Police Central e-crime Unit (PCeU), which handles cybercrime cases.?
A) National Cybercrime Unit
B) State Cybercrime Police Force
C) National Cybercrime Task Force
D) National Digital Forensics Unit

Accepted Answer

The National Cybercrime Unit absorbed both SOCA and PCeU and is responsible for handling cybercrime cases in the UK. Choices B, C, and D are not correct names for the agency that absorbed SOCA and PCeU.

Question 4

In terms of cybercrime units, Willits and Nowacki (2016) state that _______________.?
A) smaller agencies are more likely to have a cybercrime unit than larger agencies
B) agencies with a higher crime rate are more likely to have a cybercrime unit than areas with low rates of crime
C) agencies with higher levels of recruitment are more likely to have cybercrime units than those whose agencies are stagnant
D) larger agencies with more resources are more likely to have cybercrime units than smaller agencies

Accepted Answer

According to the given statement, larger agencies with more resources are more likely to have cybercrime units than smaller agencies.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a challenge law enforcement face in combating and policing cybercrime?
A) Cybercrime is increasingly becoming a transnational issue
B) Police officers lack understanding and knowledge of cybercrime issues
C) Law enforcement agencies are hyper-focused on cybercrimes, thereby neglecting the resolutions of other types of crime
D) The established culture and ethos of policing within law enforcement agencies are resistant to prioritize cybercrime

Accepted Answer

This statement is not accurate as law enforcement agencies are mandated to address crimes of all types and are not hyper-focused on cybercrimes alone.

Question 6

What is the 'digital divide'?
A) Social exclusion from new ICTs serve to exacerbate existing patterns of social inequality
B) Transnational divisions where pockets of the Internet remain closed off from particular regions of the world
C) Generational differences where older individuals unfamiliar with technology are less likely to use them (e.g. smartphones)
D) A phenomenon reflective of gender hierarchies where males are more likely to become involved in computer science than women

Accepted Answer

The digital divide refers to the lack of access to or utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) due to for example socio-economic conditions, education, location, or age. This leads to inequality and exclusion from the benefits offered by digital technologies such as enhanced communication, information, education, and employment opportunities. Choice A best describes the digital divide as a reflection of social exclusion and inequality, while the other choices are types of divides that contribute to the digital divide.

Question 7

This is a form of governance wherein the government is not the central authority within a cooperative, but just one of the actors involved.?
A) Single-actor governance
B) Coincidental governance
C) Spacious governance
D) Nodal governance

Accepted Answer

Nodal governance is a form of governance wherein the government is not the central authority within a cooperative, but just one of the actors involved. In this form of governance, power is shared among different nodes or actors within the cooperative, such as community members, businesses, and other stakeholders, rather than being concentrated solely in the government.

Question 8

From an individual consumer perspective, the greatest investment in Internet policing technologies falls in the areas of _______________.?
A) computer science education
B) self-help books about technology
C) preventative software
D) police-community programs

Accepted Answer

Preventative software such as antivirus, anti-spyware, and firewall can help individuals protect their devices and personal information from online threats.

Question 9

Which of the following is typically not an IT security service offered by 'for-profit,' or private sector entities?
A) Training for organizations and employees
B) Software that aids in the detection of user authentication
C) Programs that detect and combat 'malicious' software
D) Legal consultation for the protection and handling of digital evidence

Accepted Answer

Legal consultation for the protection and handling of digital evidence is typically offered by government or law enforcement agencies, rather than private sector entities. Private companies may offer legal consultation for their own protection, but not for handling digital evidence in legal cases.

Question 10

This term refers to non-state actors who work to punish or bring others to account in response to a perceived or actual dearth of institutional remedies.?
A) Piracy
B) Digilantism
C) Trolling
D) Phishing

Accepted Answer

The term described in the question is digilantism, which refers to individuals or groups who take justice into their own hands by punishing or holding accountable those who they believe have committed wrongdoing, often in response to a perceived lack of institutional remedies. Piracy, trolling, and phishing are all unrelated terms.

Question 11

This organisation was founded in 1996 in the UK with an initial intent to combat child pornography, then later expanded to cover both criminally obscene (but non-child-oriented) content and instances of hate speech on the Internet.?
A) Perverted Justice
B) Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
C) The Internet Watch Foundation
D) The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Accepted Answer

The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) was founded in 1996 in the UK with the goal of combatting child pornography on the Internet. It later expanded its mission to include criminally obscene content and instances of hate speech. The other options, Perverted Justice and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, are not related to the founding or mission of the IWF. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a separate organization responsible for managing the global domain name system.

Question 12

This organisation was founded by lawyers, policy analysts, activists, and technologists in 1990 to preserve and defend free speech online and to combat attempts at censorship via litigation against the US government and large corporations.?
A) The Entertainment Software Rating Board
B) The Electronic Frontier Foundation
C) The Simon Wiesenthal Centre
D) The National White Collar Crime Centre

Accepted Answer

The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) was founded in 1990 by a group of lawyers, policy analysts, activists, and technologists with the goal of defending free speech online and fighting against attempts at censorship. They have conducted numerous litigations against the US government and large corporations to preserve and protect the rights and freedoms of internet users. The other options are not related to the EFF's mission and objectives.

Question 13

_______________ is the principle that holds that freedom from criminal predation, and protection from it, is the right of all citizens. This is a principle said to be compromised by the privatization of information security.?
A) Liberty
B) Jurisdiction
C) Equity
D) Parens patriae

Accepted Answer

Equity is the principle that emphasizes fairness and justice in the way people are treated, including the right of all citizens to be protected from criminal activities. The privatization of information security can compromise this by potentially creating disparities in the level of protection available to different individuals or groups, thus affecting the equitable distribution of safety and security.

Question 14

What is the purpose of a Faraday bag?
A) To hold law enforcement field devices until they are ready to be used. Failure to properly secure such forensic devices may result in compromised evidence gathering capabilities
B) The long-term storage of ready-access memory to facilitate long term storage of digital evidence
C) To scrub a hard disc drive of sensitive information before being disposed of after an investigation
D) To prevent an electronic device from being accessed and augmented remotely

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a Faraday bag is to prevent an electronic device from being accessed and augmented remotely by blocking electromagnetic signals from reaching the device. It is commonly used by law enforcement and individuals who want to protect their privacy and sensitive data. Options A, B, and C are not related to the purpose of a Faraday bag.

Question 15

_______________ involves the collecting analysing and reporting on digital data in a way that is legally admissible.?
A) Digital forensics
B) Cyber forensics
C) Virtual forensics
D) Electronic forensics

Accepted Answer

Digital forensics is the process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting on digital data in a way that is legally admissible. This involves the use of specialized tools and techniques to investigate and recover data from electronic devices, networks, and storage media. The goal of digital forensics is to uncover evidence that can be used in legal proceedings, such as criminal investigations or civil litigation.

Question 16

In 1998, the Clinton Administration created this organization which was tasked with the management of internet domain names and IP addresses as well as promoting the operational stability of the internet.?
A) IWF
B) EFF
C) ACORN
D) ICANN
E) JTIC

Accepted Answer

The organization created by the Clinton Administration in 1998 that manages internet domain names and IP addresses and promotes the operational stability of the internet is ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). A is incorrect because the IWF (Internet Watch Foundation) is a UK-based organization that works to combat online child sexual abuse material. B is incorrect because the EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) is a nonprofit organization that defends civil liberties in the digital world. C is incorrect because ACORN (Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now) was a community-based organization that focused on issues related to social and economic justice. E is incorrect because JTIC (Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre) is a UK-based intelligence organization that focuses on counterterrorism efforts.

Question 17

The Association of Sites Advocating Child Protection is an alliance of _______________.?
A) Pornographic content providers
B) Religious organizations
C) Victims-rights advocates
D) Internet service providers
E) Online civil liberties organizations

Accepted Answer

The Association of Sites Advocating Child Protection (ASACP) is an alliance of pornographic content providers that work together to protect children from exploitation and exposure to adult content.

Quiz 10: Policing the Internet

Many scholars argue that policing cybercrime has become more 'pluralized,' meaning that _______________.?

Wall (2007) states that cybercrimes may fall into 'the de minimis trap.' In other words, _______________.?

The _______________ in the UK absorbed both the Serious and Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) and the Police Central e-crime Unit (PCeU) , which handles cybercrime cases.?

In terms of cybercrime units, Willits and Nowacki (2016) state that _______________.?

Which of the following is not a challenge law enforcement face in combating and policing cybercrime?

What is the 'digital divide'?

This is a form of governance wherein the government is not the central authority within a cooperative, but just one of the actors involved.?

From an individual consumer perspective, the greatest investment in Internet policing technologies falls in the areas of _______________.?

Which of the following is typically not an IT security service offered by 'for-profit,' or private sector entities?

This term refers to non-state actors who work to punish or bring others to account in response to a perceived or actual dearth of institutional remedies.?

This organisation was founded in 1996 in the UK with an initial intent to combat child pornography, then later expanded to cover both criminally obscene (but non-child-oriented) content and instances of hate speech on the Internet.?

This organisation was founded by lawyers, policy analysts, activists, and technologists in 1990 to preserve and defend free speech online and to combat attempts at censorship via litigation against the US government and large corporations.?

_______________ is the principle that holds that freedom from criminal predation, and protection from it, is the right of all citizens. This is a principle said to be compromised by the privatization of information security.?

What is the purpose of a Faraday bag?

_______________ involves the collecting analysing and reporting on digital data in a way that is legally admissible.?

In 1998, the Clinton Administration created this organization which was tasked with the management of internet domain names and IP addresses as well as promoting the operational stability of the internet.?

The Association of Sites Advocating Child Protection is an alliance of _______________.?