Question 1

The objective of ________ assessment is to measure the same subjects at two different points in time under the same conditions and compare results.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the concept of test-retest reliability, in which the same test is applied twice over a certain period to the same group of individuals, aiming to evaluate the consistency of the results over time under the same circumstances.

Question 2

The objective of ________ assessment is to measure the reliability using two different versions of the measuring device.

Accepted Answer

The objective of alternative form assessment is to measure the consistency of results obtained from two different versions of the same test. This is different from test-retest reliability, which measures the consistency of results over time, and internal consistency, which measures the consistency of results within a single test. Internal validity is a measure of whether the research design accurately tests the hypothesis being studied.

Question 3

Measuring reliability using a(n) __________ approach usually involves the use of different samples of respondents to determine reliability of measures through a technique called split-half.

Accepted Answer

The internal consistency approach to measuring reliability often involves techniques like split-half reliability, where a measure is divided into two halves and the consistency of results across these halves is assessed. This approach is used to determine the reliability of measures within a single test administration, unlike alternative form or test-retest reliability methods.

Question 4

The _________ of a measuring instrument is the extent to which it provides adequate coverage of the topic under study.

Accepted Answer

Content validity refers to the extent to which a measuring instrument covers the topic under study comprehensively, ensuring that all aspects of the topic are measured.

Question 5

The _________ reflects the success of measures used for estimating purposes.

Accepted Answer

Predictive or pragmatic validity reflects how well a measure can predict outcomes or behaviors in practical situations, indicating the success of the measures used for estimating purposes.

Question 6

The _________ involves the desire to measure or infer the presence of abstract characteristics for which no empirical validation seems possible.

Accepted Answer

Construct validity involves the desire to measure or infer the presence of abstract characteristics for which no empirical validation seems possible. Predictive or pragmatic validity refers to the degree to which a score on a test predicts scores on other, criterion or outcome variables. Content validity involves the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. Reliability measures the consistency and stability of test scores over time and across different conditions.

Question 7

The ACT test score requirement for college as a predictive tool for success in college courses is an example of

Accepted Answer

Predictive or pragmatic validity refers to the ability of a measure to predict future outcomes, in this case, success in college courses. The ACT test score requirement is used by colleges as a tool to predict a student's likelihood of success, making it an example of predictive validity. Construct validity refers to the degree to which a test measures the intended construct, content validity refers to the degree to which a test covers the relevant content, and reliability refers to the consistency of the results obtained from a test. While these concepts may be related to the ACT test score requirement, they are not the best fit for describing its role as a predictive tool for success in college courses.

Question 8

Attitude scales, aptitude tests, and personality test generally concern concepts that fall into this category

Accepted Answer

Attitude scales, aptitude tests, and personality tests generally concern concepts that fall into the category of construct validity, which is the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it claims to measure.

Question 9

_____ scales measure attributes one at a time.

Accepted Answer

Unidimensional scales measure one attribute at a time, while multidimensional scales measure multiple attributes simultaneously.

Question 10

_____ scales measure several attributes simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

Multidimensional scales measure multiple attributes or dimensions simultaneously, whereas unidimensional scales only measure one attribute or dimension.

Question 11

In using itemized rating scales, researchers face all of the following choices except

Accepted Answer

The use of numbers or letters is not a typical choice researchers face when using itemized rating scales. The other options are common considerations in designing such scales.

Question 12

It is generally conceded that itemized rating scales generate _____ scaled data.

Accepted Answer

Itemized rating scales typically generate interval scaled data, as they allow for the measurement of the distance between points on the scale, but do not have a true zero point.

Question 13

Asking individuals how often they purchase potato chips using a scale of "always, frequently, occasionally, infrequently, and not at all"is an example of a(n) ____ scale.

Accepted Answer

An itemized rating scale is a type of response format that lists multiple options for respondents to choose from, usually in a sequential order. In this example, the options "always, frequently, occasionally, infrequently, and not at all" are listed in a specific order for the respondent to choose from.

Question 14

Strictly speaking, a(n) _____ scale is a five-point itemized rating scale anchored by strongly agree and strongly disagree.

Accepted Answer

The description given is a classic definition of a Likert scale. The other options listed do not match up with the given description.

Question 15

The ____ scale is sometimes referred to as a summated ratings scale.

Accepted Answer

The Likert scale is a type of rating scale commonly used in surveys and questionnaires. It measures attitudes and opinions by asking individuals to rate their level of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements. The Likert scale is often referred to as a summated ratings scale because respondents' scores on multiple items are summed together to create an overall score or measure of their attitude or opinion.

Question 16

In a(n) _____ scale, respondents put objects in an order of some variable under study.

Accepted Answer

In a rank-order scale, respondents are asked to put objects in a specific order according to some variable being studied. This is different from comparative rating scales where respondents are asked to rate objects on a single dimension and Likert scales where respondents are asked to rate their agreement or disagreement with a statement. Semantic differential scales ask respondents to rate objects on a set of bipolar adjectives.

Question 17

A disadvantage of the _____ scale is that the researcher does not know the location of each item on a like-dislike continuum. An item may be ranked first, but it may or may not be closely related to the items ranked second, third, and so forth.

Accepted Answer

Rank-order scale only provides the ranking of items without any indication of how much they are liked or disliked or how far apart they are from each other. This makes it difficult for the researcher to interpret or analyze the results. The Likert and semantic differential scales provide more detailed information by allowing participants to rate items on a range of responses. The comparative rating scale also provides a relative ranking, but it does not provide an absolute ranking or an indication of the distance between each item. Therefore, the best choice is C) rank-order.

Question 18

The ____ scale requires respondents to divide a fixed number of points, usually 100, among items according to their importance to the respondent.

Accepted Answer

The comparative rating scale, specifically in the form of a constant sum scale, requires respondents to allocate a fixed number of points among various items to indicate their relative importance. This method allows for a direct comparison of the items' importance from the respondent's perspective.

Question 19

The ____ scale is a seven-point scale using pairs of adjectives or phrases that are opposite in meaning.

Accepted Answer

The semantic differential scale is a seven-point scale that measures the respondent’s attitude towards a given object, event, or concept by using pairs of adjectives or phrases that are opposite in meaning. The respondent chooses a point on the scale that best represents their opinion.

Question 20

The ____ scale is used as a substitute for the semantic differential when it is difficult to construct pairs of bipolar adjectives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____ scale is used as a...

Quiz 6: Measurement