When Women Make Job Changes, It Is Often Lateral, That

When women make job changes, it is often lateral, that is, to a similar job and income at another employer. Why do women not climb the career ladder as much as men?

A) Many female positions are dead-end positions and are segregated by sex.
B) White-collar female positions, such as office manager, are typically best filled by long-term employees to ensure stability and consistency.
C) Women do not like to move. They like to keep things stable and like the "societies" they create in the workplace.
D) Women do such a good job that it is hard to move them up-indeed, much upward mobility is designed to make firms more efficient.