Question 1

According to Schaie's research, the fact that most 60-year-olds today would score higher on an intelligence test than a group of 60-year-olds would have in 1940 is best explained by a cohort effect involving

Accepted Answer

Schaie's research suggests that the cohort effect is best explained by educational experience, as the educational attainment of each successive cohort has increased over time, leading to higher scores on intelligence tests.

Question 2

Helen has reached a point where she relies on the logical opinions of her professors to determine where she should stand on different issues. Helen is most likely

Accepted Answer

Helen is still trying to find her own opinions and ideas by relying on the logical opinions of her professors, which suggests that she is still at the beginning of her college career.

Question 3

Research suggests that the higher intelligence in young adulthood

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that higher intelligence in young adulthood is associated with lower mortality rates in middle age. This suggests that there may be a connection between cognitive abilities and physical health, and the benefits of having a high IQ may extend throughout a person's life.

Question 4

Fluid intelligence consists of abilities that

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is characterized by flexible and adaptive thinking, which allows individuals to solve new problems and adapt to new situations. It is distinct from crystallized intelligence, which consists of knowledge and skills that are acquired throughout the life span. Fluid intelligence is also considered a primary mental ability, as opposed to secondary mental abilities such as processing speed or working memory. Verbal skills are one aspect of fluid intelligence, but it also encompasses inductive and abstract thinking. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 5

Someone who knows the answers to all the questions on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire would be exhibiting

Accepted Answer

The ability to answer questions on a trivia game show such as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire is an example of crystallized intelligence, which refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and skills. It is a type of intelligence that tends to increase with age and experience, as opposed to fluid intelligence, which refers to a person's ability to think logically and solve problems in novel situations. Postformal thought and reflective judgment refer to more complex cognitive processes that involve the ability to consider multiple perspectives and deal with uncertainty and ambiguity, and are not necessarily related to trivia knowledge.

Question 6

The theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain is called

Accepted Answer

The theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain is called the parieto-frontal integration theory. This theory suggests that different areas of the brain work together to form a functional network that underlies intelligence.

Question 7

One of the most likely reasons for the typical developmental path for crystallized intelligence is that

Accepted Answer

Practice and experience have been shown to improve performance on tasks of crystallized intelligence, which involve the application of acquired knowledge and skills. As individuals engage in more complex and diverse experiences over time, they are likely to accumulate a larger and more varied knowledge base, and this can contribute to increases in crystallized intelligence. In contrast, inherited skills may play a smaller role in the developmental trajectory of crystallized intelligence, as they may not be as easily modifiable with experience or practice. Neuron pruning may play a role in limiting the potential for some types of cognitive flexibility or plasticity, but it is not likely to be the primary factor driving changes in crystallized intelligence over time. Similarly, while nutrition may help to support cognitive health and function, there is little evidence to suggest that improvements in diet alone have led to significant changes in patterns of cognitive development over recent history.

Question 8

Which is not a factor identified by Schaie as a variable that helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age?

Accepted Answer

Being single is not a factor identified by Schaie as a variable that helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age. The other factors listed (living in good housing, having a flexible personality style, and being satisfied with life) are all identified by Schaie as variables that can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age.

Question 9

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is true?
...

Question 10

Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primary mental ability is to secondary mental...

Question 11

Crystallized intelligence is

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills that are accumulated over a person's lifetime. This type of intelligence is based on past experiences and can continue to develop and grow throughout adulthood. This definition best aligns with option A.

Question 12

Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and education. Vocabulary size is an example of crystallized intelligence, as it reflects accumulated knowledge. Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, refers to the ability to think abstractly and solve novel problems. Assembling a puzzle requires fluid intelligence, as it involves identifying patterns and making connections between pieces without prior knowledge or experience. Therefore, vocabulary size is to assembling a puzzle as crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence.

Question 13

Webster loves playing any game in which he can show off the large vocabulary that he has acquired. A competent psychologist would suggest that this skill provides the best example of

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulated knowledge and verbal skills that a person has acquired over their lifetime through education and experience. Webster's ability to showcase his large vocabulary indicates a high level of crystallized intelligence.

Question 14

Postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers in that the adults are more likely to

Accepted Answer

Postformal adult thinkers are more likely to consider situational circumstances and take a more practical and realistic approach to problem-solving, whereas adolescent formal operational thinkers tend to rely on abstract and theoretical thinking. Deductive logic (A) may still be used by postformal thinkers, but it is not their primary mode of thinking. Postformal thinkers may also be influenced by their own experiences (C), but again, this is not their primary mode of thinking, and they are more likely to consider a variety of perspectives and sources of information. Quick decisions on complex problems (D) are not a characteristic of postformal thinking, as these thinkers understand that complex issues require careful consideration and evaluation of multiple factors.

Question 15

What is the main criticism of longitudinal research designed to determine when cognitive decline begins to occur?

Accepted Answer

The main criticism of longitudinal research designed to determine when cognitive decline begins to occur is that repeated testing can mask the true point at which decline begins because participants improve with each round of testing. This is known as the practice effect.

Question 16

Who is most at risk for experiencing cognitive decline in old age?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive decline in old age, so the 30-year-old with hypertension is at higher risk compared to the other options given.

Question 17

At what point in an average woman's life would her crystallized intelligence scores be most significantly greater than her fluid intelligence scores?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what point in an average woman's...

Question 18

If you wanted to show that age decreases a certain type of intelligence, you should focus on testing participants'

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that is linked to problem-solving and abstract reasoning abilities, which often peak in early adulthood and decline with age. By testing participants' fluid intelligence, one can see the effect of aging on this particular type of intelligence.

Question 19

Which type of task is best suited to assessing fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to a person's ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns. A timed maze completion would assess these abilities by requiring the person to solve a new problem using logic and identifying patterns. A trivial contest, a test of cultural norms, and a vocabulary test, on the other hand, are more likely to assess crystallized intelligence, which refers to a person's existing knowledge and skills.

Question 20

Even though Jennings is only 22 years old, he is already the "king of trivia." If Jennings is typical, his ability to do well in trivia games will most likely

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even though Jennings is only 22 years...

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development