Economist Ester Boserup argued that people would only opt for intensified food production if they were forced to-either by increasing population or the demands of a dominant class of tribute-takers.

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Ester Boserup theorized that agricultural intensification, meaning the increase in agricultural production per unit of inputs (which could include labor, land, time, fertilizer, etc.), occurs not out of a desire for improvements but out of necessity, often driven by population pressure or the demands of a ruling class. Her work contrasts with the Malthusian theory by suggesting that population growth can be a driver of technological progress and increased food production.

Economist Ester Boserup Argued That People Would Only Opt for Intensified