Question 1

Data on police-recorded youth crime show that the rate of young people accused of a Criminal Code offence has ________ since the YCJA came into effect.

Accepted Answer

The rate of young people accused of a Criminal Code offence has decreased dramatically since the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect.

Question 2

In contrast to adult offenders, when criminal offences are committed by young offenders police assume ________ in responding to their delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Police assume greater responsibility in responding to the delinquency of young offenders, as they are considered to be in a developmental phase and may require special attention and support to prevent further criminal involvement.

Question 3

Researchers examined the likelihood of youth being stopped and questioned by police depending on their racial backgrounds in a Toronto high school in the early 2000s. Data revealed that ________ youth were more likely to be stopped and questioned by police.

Accepted Answer

The question mentions that the study was examining the likelihood of youth being stopped and questioned by police depending on their racial backgrounds. The data revealed that black youth were more likely to be stopped and questioned by police.

Question 4

A ________ occurs before the case proceeds to trail and is a hearing in which the judge can determine if there is sufficient evidence to proceed to trial.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches that of a preliminary inquiry, which is held before a trial to determine if there is enough evidence for the case to proceed to trial. The other options listed do not fit this description.

Question 5

________ has the longest court case completion time in Canada.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ has the longest court case completion...

Question 6

________ has the shortest court case completion time.

Accepted Answer

Prince Edward Island (PEI) typically has the shortest court case completion time among the options listed. This is due to its smaller population and less congested court system compared to larger provinces like Ontario and Alberta. Smaller jurisdictions often have more efficient court processes, allowing for quicker resolution of cases.

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the additional sentencing options for young offenders convicted of an offence in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The correct term is Deferred Custody and Supervision Orders (DCSOs), not Deferred Custody and Rehabilitation Support (DCRC). The other options listed are actual sentencing options for young offenders in Canada.

Question 8

In the case of ________ discharge, the judge decides that the offence was not so serious to warrant the registering of the conviction, and in consideration of the best interest of the young person, no further actions are taken.

Accepted Answer

An absolute discharge means that the young person is released without any further consequences or conditions. This is usually given when the judge believes that the offence was not serious enough to warrant a conviction.

Question 9

According to the authors of Chapter 4, a broad body of research has shown that custody can be criminogenic for offenders, especially ________.

Accepted Answer

Custody can be criminogenic for offenders, particularly low-risk offenders, because it exposes them to a criminal environment and disrupts their social and economic ties, potentially increasing the likelihood of reoffending.

Question 10

The most commonly delivered programs in youth detention centres, ________, have shown promising educational and offending outcomes for youth who have been released from custody.

Accepted Answer

Educational and substance abuse programs are the most commonly delivered programs in youth detention centers, showing promising outcomes in terms of education and reducing reoffending rates among youth post-release.

Question 11

________ refer to information presented to the courts in relation to the facts of the case and the accused that may result in a lesser charge or sentence if he or she is found guilty.

Accepted Answer

Mitigation factors refer to information presented to the courts that may result in a lesser charge or sentence if the defendant is found guilty. These factors can include things like the defendant's remorse, cooperation with authorities, or other factors that suggest a reduced level of culpability. Preliminary inquiries, screening tools, disposition factors, and static risk factors are all related to the criminal justice system, but they do not refer specifically to information that may mitigate a defendant's charges or sentence.

Question 12

In many provinces and jurisdictions wait-list lengths for court ordered psychiatric assessments for young offenders can be ________.

Accepted Answer

The question states that wait-list lengths for court ordered psychiatric assessments for young offenders can be "three months or six months." None of the other answer choices reflect this range. Therefore the best choice is D.

Question 13

________ refers to individuals who are not fully capable of instructing counsel or understanding the nature and consequences of their trial.

Accepted Answer

Unfit to stand trial refers to individuals who are not fully capable of instructing counsel or understanding the nature and consequences of their trial. The other options refer to different legal definitions related to mental disorder and criminal responsibility.

Question 14

If a young person has been found to be unfit to stand trial, he or she is reassessed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a young person has been found...

Question 15

________ is known as a sentencing option for youth who have committed a violent offence and suffer from mental, psychological, or emotional disorders/disturbances.

Accepted Answer

Intensive Rehabilitative Custody and Supervision (IRCS) is specifically designed for young people who have committed violent offences and are suffering from mental, psychological, or emotional disorders/disturbances. The program provides therapy, treatment, and education in a structured and controlled environment. The goal is to address the underlying issues that contributed to the offending behavior, while also protecting the public. The program is intended to be intensive, closely supervised, and carefully monitored to ensure the young person's safety and the safety of the public.

Question 16

________ are tools that are used to identify youth who are at risk, or possess risk factors, so they can be referred to appropriate service, programming, and treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are tools that are used to...

Question 17

Static risk factors include ________.

Accepted Answer

Static risk factors refers to factors that do not change over time and are typically related to an individual's criminal history, such as prior offenses or convictions. The other options listed (needs, substance abuse, risk, and antisocial peers) are considered dynamic risk factors, meaning they can change over time and can potentially be addressed through interventions or treatment.

Question 18

Dynamic risk factors include ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dynamic risk factors include ________.
...

Question 19

________ are not a result of involvement in the youth criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are not a result of involvement...

Question 20

If a young person had his or her charge dismissed or withdrawn, the records would be sealed or destroyed ________.

Accepted Answer

After two months, records related to a charge that was dismissed or withdrawn for a young person are typically sealed or destroyed, allowing for administrative processing and ensuring the accuracy of the decision to dismiss or withdraw the charge.

Quiz 4: The Youth Justice System in Action