Question 1

Due to this, schools in the United States have experienced a dramatic resegregation since the 1990s.
A) de jure segregation
B) de facto segregation
C) Civil Rights Movement
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the resegregation has occurred since the 1990s, which is well after the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. De jure segregation refers to segregation that is mandated by law, and while some remnants of this may still exist, it is not the primary cause of resegregation in schools. De facto segregation refers to segregation that occurs based on social and economic factors, such as housing patterns and income disparities. This is the most likely explanation for the resegregation of schools in the United States since the 1990s.

Question 2

The only branch of federal government that has authority over schools nationwide is:
A) Bureau of Indian Affairs
B) Judicial branch
C) Executive branch
D) Legislative branch

Accepted Answer

The Judicial branch has authority over schools nationwide through its power to interpret the Constitution and federal laws.

Question 3

Racial resegregation occurs in public schools today due to many factors. Which of the following has NOT directly contributed to resegregation:
A) white flight
B) Miliken v. Bradley decision
C) option of school choice
D) NACCP efforts

Accepted Answer

The NAACP has been a leading organization in fighting against resegregation in schools, therefore their efforts have not directly contributed to resegregation. A) White flight, or the movement of white families out of diverse or predominantly non-white neighborhoods, has played a significant role in resegregation. B) The Miliken v. Bradley decision allowed suburban schools to remain separate and unequal from nearby urban schools, leading to resegregation. C) The option of school choice can contribute to resegregation as families may choose to attend schools with students of the same race or socioeconomic status, rather than more diverse schools.

Question 4

Counter-histories refer to
A) historical accounts of non-dominant groups.
B) included in all US history textbooks, as required by law
C) educational practices to perpetuate racism
D) inaccurate due to lack of factual evidence

Accepted Answer

Counter-histories refer to historical accounts of non-dominant groups, often neglected or suppressed in traditional mainstream histories.

Question 5

Nearly 45% of a school's official budget comes from local funds, primarily personal property taxes. This leads to:
A) wealthy communities with large, high-value properties collecting more property taxes and having more money to direct toward their schools.
B) poor residents in low-income communities being pressured to buy houses even when they cannot afford them.
C) A fair and balanced budget for all schools in all neighborhoods, due to distribution of taxes.
D) greater diversity in schools.

Accepted Answer

Local funding primarily comes from property taxes, which means that communities with more valuable properties will have more resources to allocate towards their schools. This creates a disparity between schools in affluent areas and those in lower-income neighborhoods.

Question 6

In 1991, this writer and activist shocked the nation with his book, Savage Inequalities, which exposed the incomprehensible inequality between public schools in the United States and the fact that these inequities fall along racial and class lines.
A) Jonathan Kozol
B) Martin Bernal
C) Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
D) William Julius Wilson

Accepted Answer

Jonathan Kozol wrote Savage Inequalities in 1991, which exposed the inequality between public schools in the United States and how they fall along racial and class lines. Martin Bernal is a historian who wrote about the history of ancient Greece, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva is a sociologist who writes about racism, and William Julius Wilson is a sociologist who writes about urban poverty. None of them have written about education inequality in the same way that Kozol has.

Question 7

This term refers to the sorting and placement of students into different educational programs, presumably based upon different abilities and prior academic achievement.
A) Profiling
B) Tracking
C) Standardized testing
D) Pooling

Accepted Answer

Tracking refers to the sorting and placement of students into different educational programs based on their abilities and prior academic achievements. It is often used in middle and high schools to separate students into different levels of classes, such as advanced, regular, or remedial classes.

Question 8

This term refers to a discrepancy in standardized test scores along racial lines.
A) Stigma
B) Educational reform
C) Civil unrest
D) Achievement gap

Accepted Answer

The term "achievement gap" refers specifically to the discrepancy in academic performance and standardized test scores along racial and socioeconomic lines. It is a well-documented phenomenon that has led to significant disparities in educational and economic outcomes for different groups of students.

Question 9

This is a social-psychological term that refers to the process whereby a person believes what is said about him or her and in response, acts in accordance with such views, which in turn results in a confirmation of the original assumption.
A) Narcissism
B) Internal racism
C) Achievement sabotage
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy is the social-psychological term that describes the process by which a person’s beliefs or expectations about another person influence the behavior of the person, which in turn confirms the expectations. It is also called the Pygmalion effect, in which an individual’s positive or negative expectations of another may affect the person's performance positively or negatively.

Question 10

Under the No Child Left Behind (2002) education reform bill, schools with low standardized test scores and the neediest students often lose funds and become even less able to meet the needs of their students. Sociologists refer to this as:
A) NCLB theory
B) low stakes testing
C) diversity penalty
D) race neutral education

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of the diversity penalty, where schools serving low-income and diverse populations are punished for their existing challenges and may receive fewer resources due to their low test scores. This perpetuates a cycle of disadvantage and undermines the purpose of the education system to provide equal opportunities for all students.

Question 11

Sociologist Karolyn Tyson coined the this term, which refers to institutionalized practices that result in higher level courses (honors, college prep, AP courses) being disproportionately populated with white students while lower-level courses are disproportionately populated with African American students.
A) Racism
B) Racialized tracking
C) Diversity penalty
D) Discipline gap

Accepted Answer

Racialized tracking refers to the institutionalized practice of tracking students into higher or lower level courses based on their perceived ability, which often results in racial disparities, with African American students being disproportionately placed in lower-level courses and white students being disproportionately placed in higher-level courses.

Question 12

This is a term that refers to the greater likelihood of African American students to face school suspension for their behavior compared to students of other racial groups.
A) Racism
B) Racialized tracking
C) Diversity penalty
D) Discipline gap

Accepted Answer

The term "discipline gap" specifically refers to the disproportionate rates of school suspension for African American students compared to their non-Black peers. Racism and racialized tracking are related but distinct concepts, while diversity penalty does not directly relate to this issue.

Question 13

Young black men in the United States are more likely to serve in the military than to go to prison.

Accepted Answer

Statistics show that young black men in the United States are more likely to go to prison than to serve in the military. This is due to a variety of systemic issues, including racial disparities in the criminal justice system.

Question 14

Social and cultural capital does not affect a student's educational environment or experience - will power is the single most powerful factor to educational success.

Accepted Answer

While will power is important, social and cultural capital can have a significant impact on a student's educational environment and experience, including factors such as access to resources, support systems, and cultural relevance in the curriculum.

Question 15

According to the community cultural wealth model, a student of color does not enter school with a deficit, but simply a different set of knowledge and skills that they can draw on and share in order to succeed in the world.

Accepted Answer

According to the community cultural wealth model, students of color do not enter school with a deficit, but rather possess forms of cultural wealth that can be beneficial in their academic and personal lives. These forms of cultural wealth include familial support and resources, community connections, linguistic and cultural competence, and resistance to oppression. Therefore, educators and institutions should recognize and build upon the strengths and assets that students of color bring to the classroom, rather than viewing them as deficient.

Question 16

The assumption of racial minority intellectual inferiority was overt and widespread throughout US history.

Accepted Answer

Racial minority intellectual inferiority was a commonly held belief throughout US history, leading to discriminatory practices and policies such as segregation and limited access to education and opportunities. This assumption has been debunked by research showing that intelligence is not determined by race.

Question 17

Booker T. Washington, amongst other prominent black leaders, encouraged a policy of accommodationism, which posited that blacks could gain more autonomy by cooperating with whites rather than demanding full civil and political rights.

Accepted Answer

Booker T. Washington was a proponent of accommodationism, which advocated for African Americans to work within the existing system to gain economic and social progress, rather than pushing for immediate civil and political rights.

Question 18

According to Goffman, the process of resocialization is more effective outside of total institutions rather than within.

Accepted Answer

Goffman argues that resocialization is particularly effective within total institutions, where individuals are isolated from the wider society and their previous roles, and subjected to a process of breaking down existing identities and building new ones.

Question 19

Bilingual education, which refers to legally mandated programs that cater to non-English speaking students by providing instruction in both their native language and in English, has come under intense attack in the last 20 years.

Accepted Answer

Bilingual education has indeed faced intense criticism and opposition in the last 20 years. Some argue that it hinders English language acquisition and assimilation into American society, while others believe it is a necessary tool for promoting academic success and cultural understanding among non-English speaking students.

Question 20

Primarily due to federal funding directed to disadvantaged students, the late 1970s and 1980s witnessed many improvements in education including a decrease in the achievement gap, funding gap, and racial segregation.

Accepted Answer

The federal funding directed to disadvantaged students during the late 1970s and 1980s helped improve education by decreasing the achievement gap, funding gap, and racial segregation. Therefore, the statement is true.

Quiz 7: Education

Due to this, schools in the United States have experienced a dramatic resegregation since the 1990s.

The only branch of federal government that has authority over schools nationwide is:

Racial resegregation occurs in public schools today due to many factors. Which of the following has NOT directly contributed to resegregation:

Counter-histories refer to

Nearly 45% of a school's official budget comes from local funds, primarily personal property taxes. This leads to:

In 1991, this writer and activist shocked the nation with his book, Savage Inequalities, which exposed the incomprehensible inequality between public schools in the United States and the fact that these inequities fall along racial and class lines.

This term refers to the sorting and placement of students into different educational programs, presumably based upon different abilities and prior academic achievement.

This term refers to a discrepancy in standardized test scores along racial lines.

This is a social-psychological term that refers to the process whereby a person believes what is said about him or her and in response, acts in accordance with such views, which in turn results in a confirmation of the original assumption.

Under the No Child Left Behind (2002) education reform bill, schools with low standardized test scores and the neediest students often lose funds and become even less able to meet the needs of their students. Sociologists refer to this as:

This is a term that refers to the greater likelihood of African American students to face school suspension for their behavior compared to students of other racial groups.