Question 1

More college students than in past generations __________.

Accepted Answer

With the increasing number of options available to students, they tend to change their majors frequently in efforts to find their career path.

Question 2

According to Levinson, which statement about gender differences in dreams is true?

Accepted Answer

Levinson's research on dreams and their content suggests that career-oriented women often have "split dreams," which include elements of both marriage and career aspirations. This reflects the dual focus on personal and professional fulfillment that characterizes the aspirations of many women in the context of Levinson's studies.

Question 3

Ryan is a typical emerging adult. Which of the following is he likely to say is the most essential for attaining adult status?

Accepted Answer

Constructing a worldview is a key developmental task of emerging adulthood, as individuals begin to form their own beliefs and values separate from those of their parents and peers. While settling into a career, finishing education, and moving out of parents' house are important milestones, they do not necessarily indicate adult status or successful development of a personal worldview.

Question 4

When Yolanda thought about the future, she planned to get her first job at 22, be married by 24, and have her first child at 27, just like her older brother did. Yolanda has a well-defined __________.

Accepted Answer

Yolanda's expectations and plans for her future align with the idea of a social clock, which refers to the societal norms and expectations surrounding the timing of major life events such as getting a job, getting married, and having children. Yolanda's plans seem to be based on what she perceives as typical or expected for someone her age and gender. The other answer choices do not accurately describe Yolanda's situation.

Question 5

According to Vaillant, men become "keepers of meaning," or guardians of their culture, in their __________.

Accepted Answer

Vaillant's theory suggests that men become "keepers of meaning" or guardians of their culture in their fifties and sixties.

Question 6

Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage, which focuses on __________.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory proposes that successfully resolving the intimacy vs isolation stage leads to the development of a sense of generativity in middle adulthood, which involves contributing to the welfare of future generations and society as a whole.

Question 7

When Paul started his job, he developed a close relationship with Richard, a senior colleague. Richard helped Paul succeed in his job, and with Richard's help, Paul was quickly promoted. According to Levinson, Richard __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Levinson's theory of adult development, it is common for individuals in their 30s to seek out mentors who can help guide them in their career paths. Richard acted as a mentor to Paul and helped him succeed in his job, which is consistent with this theory. Therefore, C is the best choice. A, B, and D are not supported by the information given in the passage.

Question 8

According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of early adulthood is __________.

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that the primary conflict of early adulthood is the challenge of forming close, intimate relationships with others, versus the possibility of feeling isolated and alone. This stage is known as "intimacy versus isolation."

Question 9

Today's emerging adults __________.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that emerging adults have a stronger pluralistic orientation and are more accepting of diversity than previous generations. They also value community involvement and social responsibility.

Question 10

According to Levinson, a second transition occurs around age __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Levinson's theory of adult development, the second transition occurs around age 30. This is when people reassess their life goals and make significant changes in their life structure to achieve their desired identity.

Question 11

Barry, a 21-year-old college student, has spent a lot of time exploring the breadth of his career options and has not yet made a commitment to a major. Johanna, age 20, committed to an engineering major and has been exploring her decision in depth. Which statement is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals who have made a commitment to a major or career path tend to have better emotional and social adjustment than those who are still exploring their options. Therefore, it is likely that Johanna, who has committed to an engineering major and has been exploring it in depth, scores higher than Barry in emotional and social adjustment. There is no evidence to suggest that either Barry or Johanna is more likely to engage in health-compromising behaviors, and there is no clear link between major choice and anxiety or depression.

Question 12

Which of the following 22-year-olds is the most likely to experience emerging adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Emerging adulthood is a phase of life between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood that tends to occur in societies where young people have the opportunity to explore various aspects of their lives before taking on adult roles. Percy, being from a high-SES background in the United Kingdom, is more likely to have the financial and social support necessary to experience this phase, characterized by exploration and self-discovery, compared to his counterparts from lower socioeconomic statuses or less developed economies.

Question 13

When a sample of 1,000 U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds diverse in SES and ethnicity was asked, "Do you consider yourself to have reached adulthood?" the majority of those between 18 and 21 gave __________ answer.

Accepted Answer

The majority of those between 18 and 21 likely gave an ambiguous "yes and no" answer, reflecting the transitional nature of this age group's identity and their varied experiences of adulthood.

Question 14

According to Levinson, of the many components of the __________, usually only a few, relating to family, close friendships, and occupation, are central.

Accepted Answer

Levinson's theory of adult development focuses on the concept of life structure, which refers to a person's underlying pattern of life experiences and relationships. According to Levinson, a person's life structure consists of many components, including family, close friendships, occupation, hobbies, and more. However, only a few of these components are considered central to one's identity and sense of self, and these typically include family, close friendships, and occupation. Therefore, the best answer is D, life structure.

Question 15

Which statement accurately reflects a criticism of the concept of emerging adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The criticism of the concept of emerging adulthood is that it fails to describe the experience of most of the world's youths. The concept was developed based on the experiences of young people in Western, industrialized countries, and may not be applicable to those in other cultural or socioeconomic contexts.

Question 16

Levinson found that during the transition to early adulthood, most young people __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Levinson, during the transition to early adulthood, most young people construct a dream that guides their decision making. This dream typically includes aspirations for career, family, and personal development. While finding a life partner and becoming reflective about the meaning of life may be important aspects of early adulthood, they are not the central focus identified by Levinson. "Keepers of meaning" refers to a concept in anthropology, and is not directly related to Levinson's theory of adult development.

Question 17

__________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy-supportive parenting has been found to be linked with better psychological well-being for emerging adults. This style of parenting encourages independence and decision-making skills in children, while still providing guidance and support. Overprotective and helicopter parenting styles may lead to dependence on the parent and a lack of confidence in decision-making abilities, while permissive parenting may result in a lack of boundaries and self-regulation skills.

Question 18

According to Vaillant, men focus on __________ in their twenties.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Vaillant, men focus on __________...

Question 19

Among economically better-off young people, __________ occurs much __________ in the lifespan than it did a generation or two ago.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that economically advantaged young adults are delaying marriage until later in life, focusing on building their careers and achieving personal goals before settling down. This trend has become increasingly prevalent in recent years.

Question 20

Following a social clock of some kind seems to foster __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following a social clock of some kind...

Quiz 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood