Question 1

Autonomy is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the ability to act independently and make one's own decisions, which is synonymous with independence. Therefore, the best choice is B, independence.

Question 2

Environmental factors such as nutrition and health do not affect the timing of puberty.

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors such as nutrition and health can affect the timing of puberty. Poor nutrition, illness, and chronic stress can delay puberty, while obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to early puberty. Genetics also play a role in determining the timing of puberty, but environmental factors can have a significant impact.

Question 3

Susan has just turned 13 years old and is noticing some body hair growth, increases in her height and weight, and her breasts developing. She has most likely started:

Accepted Answer

Susan is experiencing physical changes that are characteristic of puberty, which typically begins around age 9-14 for girls. The growth of body hair, increase in height and weight, and development of breasts are all signs of the onset of puberty. Identity formation and autonomy are more psychological processes that may occur during adolescence, but are not directly related to the physical changes of puberty. Menarche, which is the onset of menstruation, is another significant physical change that may occur during puberty for girls, but it is not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 4

Which is a primary sex characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of sex organs is considered a primary sex characteristic because it is directly related to reproduction and plays a major role in determining an individual's biological sex. The other options listed (development of breasts, facial hair growth, and body hair growth) are secondary sex characteristics that are influenced by hormones and are not necessarily directly involved in reproduction.

Question 5

Children who are overweight or obese are more likely to experience an earlier onset of puberty.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that children who are overweight or obese are more likely to experience early onset of puberty, particularly girls. This is thought to be due to changes in hormonal balance and increased production of estrogen in fatty tissues.

Question 6

Research shows that adolescents who begin puberty later than their peers are more likely to engage in earlier sexual activity.

Accepted Answer

Research actually shows that adolescents who begin puberty earlier than their peers are more likely to engage in earlier sexual activity. This is likely due to the fact that early puberty is associated with more advanced physical development and increased sexual interest.

Question 7

Which is not more likely to happen when adolescents begin puberty earlier than their peers?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who begin puberty earlier than their peers are more likely to face social and emotional challenges, which can lead to problems in school, delinquent behavior, and earlier experimentation with substance use. However, dropping out of school is not directly linked to early puberty.

Question 8

Tom is a typical adolescent and needs at least ____________ hours of sleep per night.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Sleep Foundation, adolescents aged 14-17 require 8-10 hours of sleep per night for optimal health and functioning. Therefore, the best choice is C, 9 hours of sleep.

Question 9

A shift in the ________________ rhythm during adolescence creates a natural desire to stay awake later at night and sleep in later in the morning.

Accepted Answer

The shift in sleep patterns during adolescence is due to a delay in the circadian rhythm, which controls the sleep-wake cycle. This shift can cause teenagers to feel sleepy later at night and struggle to wake up early in the morning. Choice B (chronological) refers to the order of events based on time and is not relevant to this question. Choice C (circannual) refers to yearly cycles in behavior or physiology, such as seasonal patterns, and is not relevant to this question. Choice D (biological) is a broader term that could refer to many aspects of an organism's physiology, but does not specifically refer to the circadian rhythm or sleep patterns.

Question 10

Inadequate sleep during adolescence is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Inadequate sleep during adolescence is associated with weight gain, poor academic achievement, and substance abuse. Studies have shown that sleep plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, and insufficient sleep is linked to obesity and weight gain. Poor sleep also affects cognitive functioning, memory, and attention, which can negatively impact academic achievement. Additionally, inadequate sleep has been shown to increase the risk of substance abuse and other risky behaviors.

Question 11

The thoughtful and reflective areas of an adolescent brain develop before the instinctual and emotional areas of an adolescent brain.

Accepted Answer

The instinctual and emotional areas of an adolescent brain, particularly the amygdala, develop before the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for thoughtful and reflective functions.

Question 12

Which is the part of the brain associated with higher-level thinking skills such as impulse control, decision-making, and planning?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher-level thinking skills such as impulse control, decision-making, and planning. The limbic system is associated with emotions and motivation, the hypothalamus regulates basic bodily functions, and the hippocampus is involved in memory processing.

Question 13

The leading cause of death in adolescence is:

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), unintentional injuries such as motor vehicle accidents, drownings, and falls are the leading cause of death in adolescence. Substance abuse and mental health issues are significant problems in adolescence but are not the leading cause of death. Physical health issues, while important, are not as prevalent in this age group.

Question 14

Most teens report feeling close to their parents.

Accepted Answer

According to research, most teens report feeling close to their parents.

Question 15

A major task of adolescence is the process of figuring out who one is and who one wants to become. This is known as identity ___________________.

Accepted Answer

Identity formation is the process of developing a clear and coherent sense of self and a unique identity, which is essential for psychological well-being and social functioning during adolescence and beyond. Adolescents typically explore different social roles, values, beliefs, and aspirations to find their own identity, and this process can be influenced by various factors, such as family, peers, culture, and personal experiences. Identity completion and development do not fully capture the dynamic and complex nature of this process, whereas identity achievement implies a fixed and definitive outcome, which may not be the case for many adolescents.

Question 16

The larger HDFS field has made a shift from viewing adolescent sex as problematic to acknowledging that sexual thoughts and behaviors are a normal part of adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects a shift in the HDFS field's perspective on adolescent sexuality.

Question 17

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, what percentage of high school students report being sexually active?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2019, 41% of high school students reported being sexually active. This includes any form of sexual behavior, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It is important for young people to have access to comprehensive sexual education and resources to protect their health and well-being.

Question 18

Recent research on adolescent sexuality focuses exclusively on sexual behavior and potential consequences.

Accepted Answer

Recent research on adolescent sexuality also explores attitudes, communication, and influences on decision-making.

Question 19

By age 18, how many students will have dropped out of high school completely?

Accepted Answer

According to a report by the National Center for Education Statistics, the dropout rate for U.S. high school students in 2018 was 5.4%. However, the question asks how many students will have dropped out by age 18, and some students may drop out before they reach high school. Therefore, the answer is likely to be higher than 5.4%. Option C, 7.5%, seems like the most reasonable choice.

Question 20

Research has found that in which school settings do students tend to feel safer?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that schools with low violent incidents tend to have students who feel safer. While the presence of police, metal detectors and security cameras may create a sense of security, they do not necessarily guarantee lower incidents of violence or safer school environments.

Quiz 10: Family and Adolescence