Question 1

Which of the various literatures discussed in this chapter do you find to be the most insightful or useful? Describe the results of these studies and why they stand out to you.

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Question 2

What is the difference between implicit and explicit racial attitudes? Describe the U.S. population's current attitudes toward racial and ethnic minorities. When are Whites most likely to demonstrate prejudice at the micro level?

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Question 3

Describe the current racial climate in the United States. Are Whites' beliefs about the causes of racial inequality in this country consistent with this reality? Explain.

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Question 4

In expectation training interventions:

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Expectation training interventions aim to improve performance by increasing the expectations of both the individual worker and the group. Option C is correct because it involves providing training to members who belong to disadvantaged groups, which can lead to a positive status characteristic and increased expectations for their performance. Options A, B, D, and E do not specifically relate to expectation training interventions.

Question 5

In a famous study by Cohen and Roper, Black male middle school students were taught how to build a transistor radio. Then, in mixed-raced groups, these students showed their White male peers how to complete this task, which reduced racial bias in subsequent interactions. What type of intervention was used in this study?

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Question 6

What is the main limitation of micro-level interventions?

Accepted Answer

Micro-level interventions focus on individual-level change, which may not have a significant impact on broader social issues. For larger social change to occur, these interventions would need to be replicated across multiple settings and populations. Therefore, the main limitation of micro-level interventions is that they are not sufficient for creating widespread social change.

Question 7

What theory explains why making discrimination illegal would reduce prejudice at the individual level?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that people infer their attitudes based on their behavior. When discrimination is made illegal, individuals may adjust their behavior to align with the new social norm, ultimately altering their attitudes and reducing prejudice at the individual level.

Question 8

Macro-level interventions include:

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action and reparations are both macro-level interventions aimed at addressing systemic inequalities and injustices. Affirmative action refers to policies that involve preferential treatment of underrepresented groups in areas such as education and employment. Reparations refer to compensation or other forms of redress for historical wrongs, particularly related to slavery and discrimination. Both interventions aim to create broader systemic change, rather than simply addressing individual-level issues. Interdependent cooperation and multiability training are not macro-level interventions in the same way, as they are more focused on interpersonal skills and individual-level behavior change.

Question 9

What percent of white adults are opposed to reparations?

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Question 10

The high percentage of Whites in the United States who are opposed to reparations reflects the pervasiveness of:

Accepted Answer

The high percentage of Whites in the United States who are opposed to reparations reflects the pervasiveness of both color-blind racism and laissez-faire racism. Color-blind racism involves pretending not to see race or denying systemic inequalities, while laissez-faire racism includes subtle but pervasive beliefs that maintain the status quo of racial hierarchies through indifference or inaction towards racial inequalities.

Question 11

How do sociological social psychologists define prejudice? Contrast sociological and psychological definitions of prejudice.

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Question 12

Define the terms institutional discrimination and racism, emphasizing the macro nature of both constructs.

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Question 13

Suppose that an African American manager refuses to hire a particular job applicant simply because he or she is White. Is this action racist? Support your position.

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Question 14

Discuss the relationship between negative racial attitudes (prejudice at the individual level) and discrimination and how it reflects the relationship between attitudes and behavior more generally.

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Question 15

Why don't attitudes predict behavior?

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Question 16

Compare and contrast research on race and ethnicity within each of the three faces of sociological social psychology. How can research from across these three traditions be combined to enhance our understanding of race relations within this society and what can be done to create a more egalitarian society?

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Question 17

Cognitive representations that enable people to make sense of situations and events by directing their attention to certain aspects of reality and away from others are called:

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Frames are mental structures that help individuals make sense of situations and events by directing attention to certain aspects of reality and away from others. Frames provide a frame of reference that shapes how individuals interpret and respond to information.

Question 18

Sociological social psychologists consider women a minority group.

Accepted Answer

Sociological social psychologists consider women a minority group because they share common experiences of social disadvantage and are often subject to discrimination and oppression based on their gender.

Question 19

According social identity theorists, cooperation isn't necessary to create a common in-group identity (i.e., a superordinate identity)

Accepted Answer

Social identity theorists propose that a common in-group identity can be created through various means, such as intergroup competition, social categorization, and perceived similarity, and that cooperation is not necessarily a requirement for this process.

Question 20

Affirmative action is considered a macro-level intervention.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action is a government policy that aims to increase the representation of historically marginalized groups in areas such as employment and education. As a government policy, it is considered a macro-level intervention as it operates at a large scale to address systemic inequalities.

Quiz 12: Prejudice and Discrimination