Question 1

Currently the Currently minority ethnic officers make up less than five per cent of overall police numbers, and just over one per cent of those in the most senior (ACPO) ranks.

Accepted Answer

Currently, minority ethnic officers make up less than five per cent of overall police numbers, and just over one per cent of those in the most senior (ACPO) ranks.

Question 2

What is meant by 'plural policing'?

Accepted Answer

This refers to the way it has become increasingly visible in recent decades that there are many aspects of policing beyond the police. There appears, for example, to have been a very significant expansion in private security in recent times. Closed-circuit television cameras now survey every city centre, walled and gated communities are beginning to spring up and a growing array of uniformed guards, wardens and others are to be found patrolling streets and local communities.

Question 3

What sort of powers will the new Police and Crime Commissioners hold?

Accepted Answer

They will have a range of powers and responsibilities, including securing the maintenance of the police force, ensuring that it is efficient and effective, as well as holding the chief constable to account for the exercise of a range of duties. The Commissioner is also responsible for appointing and dismissing the Chief and for agreeing the appointments of deputy and assistant chief constables. They will also have a duty to issue Police and Crime Plans.

Question 4

Why is 'police' or 'cop' culture sometimes referred to as 'canteen culture'?

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Question 5

How has centralisation led to managerialism in the police?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What were the two statutory requirements placed on the police by the
Crime and Disorder Act 1998?

Accepted Answer

The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 required police forces to work in partnership with local authorities to audit local crime problems (A) and to produce a local community safety plan, which is now referred to as a crime and disorder reduction plan (C). These requirements were aimed at fostering a collaborative approach to tackling crime and disorder at the local level.

Question 7

How was police governance reformed by the Police and Magistrates' Courts Act 1994?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Why did the police move from calling themselves 'forces' and become 'services'?

Accepted Answer

The shift from "forces" to "services" in police nomenclature was intended to de-emphasize the confrontational aspects of policing and to highlight the community-oriented, service aspects of their work. This change reflects an effort to improve public relations and foster a more cooperative relationship between the police and the communities they serve.

Question 9

What issues of concern are raised by the creation of biometric databases containing DNA profiles and scans of fingerprints and irises?

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Question 10

What was included in early descriptions of police responsibilities?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

What was the result of the disturbances on the streets of Brixton in the early 1980s?

Accepted Answer

The disturbances in Brixton in the early 1980s resulted in a scathing report known as the Scarman Report, which highlighted serious flaws in policing and led to significant reforms. No positive news stories for the police or deaths were reported as a result of the disturbances.

Question 12

At what point were the police said to move away from traditional beat work towards a new world dominated by radios and cars?

Accepted Answer

It was after the Second World War that police departments began to move away from traditional beat work and towards a new world dominated by radios and cars. The availability of radios and patrol cars allowed for quicker response times and increased mobility, changing the way police departments operated.

Question 13

What has research shown to be the primary function of policing?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the primary function of policing is to maintain public order and ensure the safety and security of communities, which involves activities aimed at keeping the peace and dealing with emergencies and crises. While patrol work, proactive activities, and intelligence gathering are important components of policing, they are secondary to the core function of peacekeeping.

Question 14

From the 1980s onwards the Thatcher governments began to explore:

Accepted Answer

The Thatcher governments in the 1980s focused on improving the economy, enhancing efficiency, and effectiveness. Police corruption and the promotion of women officers were not the primary areas of focus for the Thatcher government during this time period.

Question 15

'Police community support officers' (PCSOs) were eventually introduced by the Police Reform Act 2002 under the control of the chief constable have limited powers to detain suspects, to stop vehicles and to issue fixed-penalty notices.

Accepted Answer

According to the Police Reform Act 2002, PCSOs have limited powers to detain suspects, to stop vehicles, and to issue fixed-penalty notices, and they operate under the control of the chief constable.

Question 16

The study of police corruption has illustrated that corrupt police departments/forces cannot be reformed.

Accepted Answer

While it can be difficult and take time, research has shown that with proper interventions and strategies, police departments can undergo significant reform and reduce corruption. Some examples include implementing accountability measures, increasing transparency, and conducting thorough background checks and training for officers. However, it is important to note that certain cultural and systemic issues within a department or organization may make reform more challenging.

Question 17

Zero tolerance policing was imported from the US to Britain.

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Question 18

One of the traditional protections afforded citizens subject to police interrogation is the right to refuse to answer questions

Accepted Answer

The right to refuse to answer questions is one of the Miranda rights, which are afforded to citizens subject to police interrogation.

Question 19

What is the 'extended policing family'?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 26: Policing