Question 1

Which of the following does not fit within the goals of the justice model?

Accepted Answer

The justice model emphasizes fairness and consistency in sentencing, focusing on the crime rather than individual characteristics of the offender. Including all offender characteristics for determining sentence lengths does not align with this model, as it could lead to disparities and subjective sentencing.

Question 2

The movement to abandon the indeterminate sentence and to focus instead on punishment and retribution as the primary ends of the criminal sanction has received broad-based support across the political spectrum. However, conservatives and liberals have embraced such a model for different reasons. Briefly explain these differing reasons for support of the same punishment-oriented model.

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Question 3

Briefly explain the eight core parameters of the justice model outlined by Cullen and Gilbert in Chapter 6.

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Question 4

Identify the four general varieties of determinate sentencing Cavender and Musheno have proposed.

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Question 5

Briefly define the term "eraser justice" discussed by Cullen and Gilbert in Chapter 6.

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Question 6

Mandatory sentences are an increasingly frequent feature of state codes in both determinate and indeterminate states. This legislation can take a variety of forms. Identify at least two different ways in which mandatory sentences have been adopted in different states.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

The utilitarian ends of the new sentencing laws are also readily apparent in the aggravating and mitigating factors specified in state codes. Identify at least three examples of mitigating or aggravating circumstances that might be used by a judge to sentence an offender.

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Question 8

Identify at least two sources of potential disparity in determinate sentencing states.

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Question 9

Briefly discuss how determinate sentencing leaves prosecutorial discretion virtually untouched.

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Question 10

Early results assessing the impact of determinate sentencing laws suggest that average terms served under determinate sentencing laws may be marginally lower than those under indeterminate sentencing. Briefly explain how we cannot automatically conclude that this is attributable to greater leniency under a determinate sentencing scheme, however.

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Question 11

Identify at least two characteristics of the Minnesota sentencing guidelines system that suggest caution.

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Question 12

Compare and contrast David Fogel's justice model proposal and Illinois' sentencing laws that eventually were put into place. How did these proposals line up with determinant sentencing schemes and the liberal justice model?

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Question 13

Although the impact of determinate sentencing laws on disparity at the institutional stage has barely begun to be evaluated, some insights may be gained from an overview the state of Illinois. Discuss the impact of determinate sentencing features in Illinois at the institutional level and the criticisms of these features.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Discuss legislatively based determinate laws, and how the two alternative models-sentencing guidelines and parole release guidelines-relate to sentencing. In your answer, be sure to identify the following: (1) how guidelines for each model are formulated, (2) who is responsible for determining each set of guidelines, and (3) the range (or amount) of discretion applied to each guideline.

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Quiz 6: Implementing the Justice Model: Problems and Prospects