Question 1

A variable measured as a score is measured at the interval level.

Accepted Answer

Interval level measurement means that the variable is measured along a scale in which each point is placed at a precise distance from the other, allowing for the measurement of the exact difference between points. A score, which quantifies an attribute in such a way that the differences between scores are meaningful, fits this definition.

Question 2

The variable of gender would normally be measured at the ordinal level.

Accepted Answer

Gender is typically measured at the nominal level because it categorizes individuals without implying any sort of order or rank among the categories.

Question 3

The value of the correlation coefficient can range from a low of 0 to a high of 1.0 and can be either positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient can range from -1 to 1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, 0 indicates no correlation, and 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation.

Question 4

The higher the value of the correlation coefficient, the stronger the relationship between the two variables in the analysis.

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, where values closer to -1 or 1 indicate a stronger relationship, and values near 0 indicate a weaker relationship between the two variables.

Question 5

The median is an inferential statistic.

Accepted Answer

The median is a measure of central tendency, which is a descriptive statistic, not an inferential statistic.

Question 6

The mode is the value that occurred most frequently in an array of data.

Accepted Answer

The mode is defined as the value that appears most frequently in a given set of data, making it a measure of central tendency.

Question 7

When you select a statistic to test your hypothesis, you need to know the level of measurement for each variable in your analysis.

Accepted Answer

The level of measurement of a variable (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) determines which statistical tests are appropriate for analyzing the data, as different tests are designed to handle different types of data.

Question 8

If your study variable measures opinions with answer like strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree, you will have a variable that is measured at the nominal level rather than ordinal or interval.

Accepted Answer

The variable is measured at the ordinal level because the categories have a meaningful order (from strongly agree to strongly disagree) but the intervals between the categories are not necessarily equal.

Question 9

The independent t test is an example of a statistic that can be used to test a hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The independent t-test is a statistical method used to compare the means of two independent groups to test a hypothesis, typically about whether the groups have different average values.

Question 10

Suppose your treatment objective is to improve self-esteem for a group of clients and you measure each client one time before treatment begins and one time at the end of the treatment on a self-esteem scale that gives higher scores for higher self-esteem. Your mean pretest score was 16.8 and your mean posttest score was 21.5. Your data were subjected to the paired t test with these results: n = 21; t = 1.3; p > .05. Answer the following three questions: (1) What must you find in order to report that your data supported your study hypothesis? (2) Did your data support your hypothesis? (3) Explain why it did or did not.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose your treatment objective is to improve...

Question 11

Name and briefly describe three levels of measurement. Why do you need to know the level of measurement of a variable when you are analyzing data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and briefly describe three levels of...

Question 12

Consider the following study hypothesis: Scores on the Stress Scale have a positive relationship with hospital readmission (measured as either Yes or No) even when scores on the Social Support Scale are taken into consideration. Answer the following question: (1) How many variables are in the analysis of data for this hypothesis and what is the label you will give for each one? (2) What is the level of measurement for each of these variables? (3) What variable is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the following study hypothesis: Scores on...

Question 13

Consider the following items of information that you might include in the study conclusions section of your research report: (a) the limitations of your study methodology, (b) the strengths of the methodology, (c) a summary of the results of your study in regard to the basic research question, (d) your opinions on the theme of the study, (e) the implications of the study results for social work practice. Answer each of the following questions: (1) Which of these items of information should come first in your study conclusions section of the report? (2) Which of these items is the least important for the study conclusions section of your research report? (3) What are some safeguards to consider if you decide to include this least important item?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the following items of information that...

Question 14

How are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics used differently in data analysis? What is an example of each?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics...

Quiz 16: Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions