Question 1

The term "restorative justice" refers primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice encompasses a theory of crime and justice, a set of practical principles for programs, and various processes for handling harms and conflicts, making all of the options correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a contributing movement in the development of restorative justice:

Accepted Answer

Determinate sentencing is a legal system policy where the duration of imprisonment is defined by a statute or sentencing guidelines, contrasting with restorative justice's focus on healing and reconciliation rather than fixed punishment. Restorative justice is more aligned with movements like prison abolition, civil rights, and indigenous justice, which emphasize reform, equity, and community-based approaches to justice.

Question 3

The early movement for the rights of people harmed by crime had this aim:

Accepted Answer

The early movement for the rights of people harmed by crime aimed to increase services to crime victims, increase the likelihood of restitution, and increase access to information and involvement in the criminal justice system, encompassing all the options provided.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT one of the early explorers of restorative justice?

Accepted Answer

Kofi Annan, although a significant figure in global diplomacy and peace efforts as a former Secretary-General of the United Nations, was not specifically known for being an early explorer of restorative justice, unlike the other individuals listed who have made direct contributions to the field.

Question 5

The book, Changing Lenses, says the current criminal justice "lens" views crime as lawbreaking and justice as allocating blame and punishment. This is contrasted with restorative justice, which views crime and justice primarily this way:

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on the harm caused by crime to people and relationships, emphasizing the need for offenders to take responsibility and make amends to those they have harmed, rather than solely focusing on punishment.

Question 6

Nils Christie argued that conflict should not "belong" to the parties in conflict, but rather is owned by their communities.

Accepted Answer

Nils Christie argued that conflicts should "belong" to the parties directly involved, criticizing the way modern legal systems often remove the conflict from those parties and place it in the hands of professionals, thus alienating individuals from their own disputes.

Question 7

The prison abolition movement was started by people who concluded that prisons not only failed to rehabilitate, they were also places of suffering.

Accepted Answer

The prison abolition movement indeed originated from the belief that prisons do not effectively rehabilitate individuals but instead are institutions of suffering and dehumanization, advocating for alternative methods of addressing harm and justice.

Question 8

The US government's war on drugs and crime was effective in reducing both crime and incarceration rates.

Accepted Answer

The war on drugs and crime policies in the US have been widely criticized for not effectively reducing crime rates in the long term and have significantly contributed to the increase in incarceration rates, particularly for nonviolent drug offenses.

Question 9

"Reintegrative shaming" is the term John Braithwaite used to describe the nature of punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Reintegrative shaming" is the term John Braithwaite...

Question 10

Indigenous peoples in many communities once had their own customary or traditional approaches to justice prior to, or alongside Western criminal justice systems.

Accepted Answer

Many indigenous communities around the world had their own systems of justice based on customary laws and traditions before the imposition or introduction of Western legal frameworks. These systems often emphasized restorative justice and community reconciliation.

Question 11

The goal of restorative justice is to address the harm done through wrongdoing in a way that respects, actively includes, and benefits the parties and other stakeholders.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on addressing the harm caused by wrongdoing, engaging all affected parties in a process that seeks to heal and restore relationships, rather than just punishing the offender.

Question 12

Marlene A. Young's proposal for "restorative community justice," included program elements such as community prosecution and community courts.

Accepted Answer

Marlene A. Young's proposal for "restorative community justice" indeed included elements such as community prosecution and community courts, aiming to involve the community in the justice process and address the needs of both victims and offenders within the community context.

Quiz 2: The Development of a New Pattern of Thinking