Question 1

Current policies and practice of criminal justice focus almost entirely on the lawbreaker, legal guilt, and punishment. This is because of:

Accepted Answer

A pattern of thinking that shapes our view of crime and justice is the correct answer because it reflects the underlying philosophy and mindset that guide the development and implementation of criminal justice policies and practices, focusing on the lawbreaker, legal guilt, and punishment.

Question 2

The legal systems that form the foundation of Western law viewed crime primarily as:

Accepted Answer

The legal systems that form the foundation of Western law encompass all these views: crime is seen as a breach of the common welfare, an offense against the persons harmed and their families, and a wrong for which restitution should be made.

Question 3

Henry I's legal claim that the king's peace was breached when someone committed a crime meant:

Accepted Answer

Henry I's assertion that the king's peace was breached by a crime essentially meant that the king himself was a victim of any crime committed within his realm. This concept was part of the broader medieval legal framework where the king's peace (or the peace of the realm) was under the protection of the monarch, and any violation of that peace was an offense against the king's authority and, by extension, the king himself.

Question 4

Prisons were adopted in the eighteenth century as a punishment for crime primarily in order to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prisons were adopted in the eighteenth century...

Question 5

According to the text, restitution means:

Accepted Answer

Restitution focuses on compensating the victims for the harm they have suffered, rather than solely on punishing the offender or improving the offender's behavior.

Question 6

Copernicus developed the idea of "patterns of thinking."

Accepted Answer

Copernicus is known for developing the heliocentric model of the universe, not for the idea of "patterns of thinking."

Question 7

Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and impersonality above all else.

Accepted Answer

Historically, approaches to crime and justice have varied greatly, including personal vendettas, community-based resolutions, and theocratic laws, not all of which prioritized impartiality and impersonality.

Question 8

Private prosecution was an innovation promoted in the eighteenth century as a means of giving persons harmed a role in the justice system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Private prosecution was an innovation promoted in...

Question 9

Prior to 1790, prisons were used almost exclusively to hold persons who had been accused of crimes until they were tried or sentenced, or to enforce labor orders.

Accepted Answer

Before 1790, prisons primarily functioned as holding facilities for those awaiting trial or sentencing, and for enforcing labor orders, rather than serving as institutions for punishment or rehabilitation.

Question 10

During what Michael Tonry called the Indeterminate Sentencing period in US policy, the predominant sentencing value was rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

During the Indeterminate Sentencing period, which lasted roughly from the late 19th century until the 1970s, the predominant sentencing value was indeed rehabilitation. The idea was that the length of a sentence should be flexible and determined by the individual's progress toward rehabilitation, rather than fixed by the nature of the offense alone.

Question 11

Indigenous justice processes are what existed before the imposition of Western concepts of justice by colonial powers.

Accepted Answer

Indigenous justice processes refer to the traditional methods and practices used by Indigenous communities to resolve disputes and maintain social order, which existed prior to the introduction and imposition of Western legal systems through colonization.

Question 12

The idea of personal responsibility rules out expecting a person who committed a crime to pay restitution to the person they harmed.

Accepted Answer

The concept of personal responsibility includes holding individuals accountable for their actions, which can involve expecting them to pay restitution to those they have harmed as a form of reparation and accountability.

Question 13

Eight hundred years ago, the ideal juror was not someone who was ignorant of the facts or a stranger to the parties. They were selected because they knew the parties and knew of the dispute.

Accepted Answer

Historically, jurors were chosen for their direct knowledge of the parties and the facts of the case, as they were expected to use this knowledge to inform their judgment. This practice has evolved over time to favor jurors who are impartial and lack prior knowledge of the case.

Question 14

A significant consequence of the government's reliance on a criminal justice policy based on incarceration is that many more people are deterred from committing crimes.

Accepted Answer

Research and evidence suggest that the deterrent effect of incarceration on crime rates is limited. High incarceration rates often have more to do with recidivism and social factors than with deterring potential criminals.

Question 15

Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and impersonality above all else.

Accepted Answer

Many approaches to crime and justice throughout history have also emphasized moral, social, and cultural values, community involvement, and the personal circumstances of the offender, not just impartiality and impersonality.

Quiz 1: How Patterns of Thinking Can Obstruct Justice

Current policies and practice of criminal justice focus almost entirely on the lawbreaker, legal guilt, and punishment. This is because of:

The legal systems that form the foundation of Western law viewed crime primarily as:

Henry I's legal claim that the king's peace was breached when someone committed a crime meant:

Prisons were adopted in the eighteenth century as a punishment for crime primarily in order to:

According to the text, restitution means:

Copernicus developed the idea of "patterns of thinking."

Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and impersonality above all else.

Private prosecution was an innovation promoted in the eighteenth century as a means of giving persons harmed a role in the justice system.

Prior to 1790, prisons were used almost exclusively to hold persons who had been accused of crimes until they were tried or sentenced, or to enforce labor orders.

During what Michael Tonry called the Indeterminate Sentencing period in US policy, the predominant sentencing value was rehabilitation.

Indigenous justice processes are what existed before the imposition of Western concepts of justice by colonial powers.

The idea of personal responsibility rules out expecting a person who committed a crime to pay restitution to the person they harmed.

Eight hundred years ago, the ideal juror was not someone who was ignorant of the facts or a stranger to the parties. They were selected because they knew the parties and knew of the dispute.

A significant consequence of the government's reliance on a criminal justice policy based on incarceration is that many more people are deterred from committing crimes.

Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and impersonality above all else.