Question 1

Max Weber (1930), provided insight into the charismatic, or personality-based leadership. The word charismatic is derived from the Greek word charisma, meaning to have the gift of God's grace and was used in religious contexts to suggest divinely inspired talents such as prophesying.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber, a sociologist, indeed discussed the concept of charismatic leadership, defining it as authority or leadership that derives its legitimacy from the charisma of the leader, often seen as revolutionary or extraordinary. The term does originate from the Greek word "charisma," meaning "gift of grace," which aligns with Weber's interpretation of a leader's exceptional personal qualities or divine favor.

Question 2

Charismatic approaches show little interest in leader traits, such as mystique, and cultural expectations.

Accepted Answer

Charismatic approaches to leadership emphasize the importance of leader traits, including mystique, and the role of cultural expectations in enhancing a leader's influence and ability to inspire followers.

Question 3

In some cases, contextual factors so overwhelmingly favor transformation that a leader can take advantage of them by advocating radical changes for the system.

Accepted Answer

Contextual factors such as economic crises, technological breakthroughs, or significant shifts in public opinion can create a conducive environment for leaders to advocate and implement radical changes, as these factors can increase the receptiveness of stakeholders to transformative ideas and actions.

Question 4

During periods of relative tranquility, charismatic leaders play a major role in fostering the need for change by creating the deficiencies or exaggerating existing minor ones.

Accepted Answer

Charismatic leaders often play a crucial role in periods of tranquility by highlighting or exaggerating deficiencies to motivate change, as their influence can create a perceived need for change even when none is urgently required.

Question 5

Because of their opposition to the status quo, charismatic leaders are willing to be perceived by many (initially) as conventional and identifying prevailing values.

Accepted Answer

Charismatic leaders are often seen as unconventional and challenging the status quo, rather than conforming to prevailing values. They inspire change and innovation, which can initially lead to them being perceived as radical or controversial.

Question 6

Because charismatic leaders enjoy position and expert power as well as enormous personal power, this provides opportunities to use their power in self-serving ways.

Accepted Answer

Charismatic leaders, due to their significant personal influence and the power derived from their positions and expertise, have greater opportunities to leverage their power for personal gain, potentially leading to self-serving behaviors.

Question 7

The Tichy and Devanna transformational leadership theory provides for three styles: a managerial style, a charismatic style and a transformational style.

Accepted Answer

Tichy and Devanna's transformational leadership theory does not provide for three styles including a managerial style and a charismatic style; instead, it focuses on the process of transformational leadership itself, emphasizing the roles of leaders in initiating and managing change.

Question 8

Kouzes and Posner's transformational leadership style is based on five major best practices each composed of two commitments that they identified in their survey of over 1,300 managers.

Accepted Answer

Kouzes and Posner's transformational leadership model is based on five practices: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart, each with two commitments.

Question 9

Kouzes and Posner's final practice involves "encouraging the heart." It is a supportive style composed of recognizing contributions and celebrating accomplishments. They assert that other researchers found this to be the most important practice, and one that leaders themselves mentioned in 91 percent of the cases studied.

Accepted Answer

While Kouzes and Posner emphasize "encouraging the heart" as one of their Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership, they do not assert that other researchers found this to be the most important practice, nor do they claim that leaders themselves mentioned it in 91 percent of the cases studied. Their model highlights the importance of each practice without ranking them or providing such specific statistics from other researchers.

Question 10

Bass asserts that transformational leadership is a widespread phenomenon across levels of management, types of organizations, and around the globe. It is therefore a universal theory without contingency factors.

Accepted Answer

Bass's theory of transformational leadership is a universal theory, meaning that it is not contingent on factors such as level of management, type of organization, or culture.

Question 11

According to Bass, extensive use of management-by-exception creates fear and intimidation and discourages initiative and creativity.

Accepted Answer

Bass's theory on transformational leadership suggests that management-by-exception, which focuses on correcting deviations from standards and punishing failures, can lead to a negative work environment. This approach can create fear and intimidation among employees, discouraging them from taking initiative and being creative, as they might fear negative consequences for stepping outside the norm.

Question 12

Bass identifies four transformational elements that are generally present in successful change initiatives. While these elements would normally be provided by the leader, they could also be provided by colleagues.

Accepted Answer

Bass's model of transformational leadership indeed suggests that the four elements (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration) can be fostered not only by leaders but also by colleagues, as they contribute to a positive and transformative work environment.

Question 13

Both transactional and transformational researchers are interested in executives, political leaders, and social leaders in relatively open systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both transactional and transformational researchers are interested...

Question 14

Transactional researchers have largely assumed expert power and tended to ignore referent power (power based on personality and likability.

Accepted Answer

Transactional researchers often focus on formal structures and roles, emphasizing expert power, while referent power, which is more informal and based on personal traits, is less frequently addressed.

Question 15

Transformational researchers emphasize stimulating individuals' interest in group productivity and organizational success.

Accepted Answer

Transformational researchers focus on leadership approaches that inspire and motivate team members to exceed their own interests for the sake of the group or organization, thereby emphasizing the importance of stimulating individuals' interest in group productivity and organizational success.

Question 16

Briefly describe the three major studies that preceded the charismatic and transformational theories that were developed in the 1980s and discussed in the text.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the three major studies that...

Question 17

Conger and Kanungo include the misuse of the charismatic style in their theory. Describe how the negative charismatic style can develop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conger and Kanungo include the misuse of...

Question 18

Explain the different emphasis of the three transformational leadership models (Tichy and Devanna, Kouzes and Posner, and Bass).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the different emphasis of the three...

Question 19

Describe the management-by-exception style used in the Bass full range theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the management-by-exception style used in the...

Question 20

Describe the different theoretical emphasis of transactional and transformational researchers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the different theoretical emphasis of transactional...

Quiz 4: Charismatic and Transformational Approaches