Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three memory processes identified at the beginning of the text's discussion of memory?
A) encoding
B) storage
C) sensation
D) retrieval

Accepted Answer

Sensation is not one of the three memory processes identified in discussions about memory. The three core processes typically mentioned are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Sensation is related to the initial processing of stimuli through sensory systems, not directly to the memory processes.

Question 2

Sensory memory has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
A) visual information lasts less than a second.
B) it holds an exact image of each sensory experience.
C) the capacity is about seven plus or minus two chunks.
D) auditory information lasts about two or three seconds.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory refers to the initial momentary storage of sensory information. It is characterized by its large capacity for information but very brief retention time. Choices A and D correctly describe the duration of visual and auditory sensory memories, respectively, and B accurately describes the nature of the information held in sensory memory. However, C incorrectly attributes the capacity of "about seven plus or minus two chunks" to sensory memory, when in fact, this describes the capacity of short-term memory, as proposed by George A. Miller in his famous paper on the magical number seven, plus or minus two.

Question 3

Robert just met a woman he feels attracted to and keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. He is using __________ to keep this woman's name in __________memory.
A) elaborative rehearsal; long-term
B) selective repetition; sensory
C) repetitive rehearsal; short-term
D) selective attention; short-term

Accepted Answer

Robert is using repetitive rehearsal, a cognitive process where information is repeated over and over to keep it in short-term memory. This technique helps in retaining information temporarily but is not as effective for long-term memory storage without further processing.

Question 4

Rehearsal serves to
A) keep information in short-term memory.
B) transfer information to long-term memory.
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal helps in both keeping information in short-term memory by actively maintaining and manipulating information and in transferring information to long-term memory through repeated exposure and practice, facilitating encoding and storage.

Question 5

Which of the following memory processes is LEAST likely involved when you look up a phone number, then turn to dial it?
A) reconstruction
B) rehearsal
C) chunking
D) encoding

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction is least involved in the process of looking up a phone number and then dialing it. This process mainly involves short-term memory tasks such as encoding the number when you see it, rehearsing it to keep it in memory while you dial, and possibly chunking to make the number easier to remember. Reconstruction is more about piecing together memories from long-term storage, which isn't necessary for this task.

Question 6

What is the goal of elaborative rehearsal?
A) to consider information
B) to organize information
C) to transfer information into long-term memory
D) All of these are goals of elaborative rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information to existing knowledge, which helps to transfer it into long-term memory.

Question 7

Which of the following represents elaborative rehearsal strategies?
A) creating visual images based on the information to be remembered
B) making connections between the new information and information already in long-term memory
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal strategies involve making the information meaningful by connecting it to existing knowledge or creating visual images, as described in options A and B.

Question 8

The concept of working memory represents an alternative conceptualization of ___________memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term
C) long-term
D) None of these-it is a proposed fourth memory system.

Accepted Answer

The concept of working memory is an alternative conceptualization of short-term memory, emphasizing its role in the temporary storage and manipulation of information.

Question 9

Which of the following accurately describes the processing of information in working memory?
A) It contains distinct storage systems.
B) It requires cognitive resources-"mental energy," if you will.
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

Accepted Answer

Working memory involves distinct storage systems for different types of information (e.g., visual and auditory) and requires cognitive resources for processing and manipulating information.

Question 10

Cole knows that the capital of Canada is Ottawa. This is an example of a(n) __________ memory.
A) semantic
B) episodic
C) procedural
D) recognition

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the recall of general facts and knowledge, such as the capital of a country, which is why the correct answer is semantic memory.

Question 11

Liz knows that "correlation does not mean causation". This is an example of a(n) __________memory.
A) episodic
B) declarative
C) procedural
D) recognition

Accepted Answer

This is an example of declarative memory, which involves facts and information that can be consciously recalled.

Question 12

The hippocampus plays a role in memory consolidation. Think back to the three memory processes described at the beginning of the chapter. It is probably most accurate to say that the hippocampus is more involved in __________ than in __________.
A) retrieval; encoding or storage
B) storage; encoding
C) encoding and storage; retrieval
D) storage and retrieval; encoding

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is primarily involved in encoding and storage of memories rather than in the retrieval of those memories. This is because its role is crucial in forming new memories and consolidating them from short-term to long-term memory, rather than retrieving already stored memories.

Question 13

The search for engrams has been largely fruitless because
A) there is no single site or process for memory in the brain.
B) any given memory involves many simultaneous brain processes and locations.
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

Accepted Answer

The search for engrams has been challenging because memory involves multiple processes and locations in the brain simultaneously, making it difficult to pinpoint a single site or process for memory storage.

Question 14

An essay question is a(n) _________ test of memory.
A) recognition
B) recall
C) objective
D) projective

Accepted Answer

An essay question requires an individual to retrieve and articulate information from memory without being provided with options or cues, which is a process known as recall. Recognition, on the other hand, involves identifying the correct answer from a set of options. Objective tests are characterized by questions that have a single correct answer and can be scored consistently, while projective tests are used in psychology to uncover hidden emotions or internal conflicts and are not related to memory testing.

Question 15

A multiple-choice question is a _________ test of memory.
A) recognition
B) recall
C) subjective
D) projective

Accepted Answer

A multiple-choice question is a recognition test of memory because it requires the test-taker to recognize the correct answer from a list of options, rather than recalling information without any cues.

Question 16

The __________ model of memory suggests that a deeper analysis of meaning enables you to improve long-term memory.
A) consolidation
B) semantic processing
C) episodic processing
D) levels of processing

Accepted Answer

The Levels of Processing model, proposed by Craik and Lockhart, suggests that memory retention depends on the depth of processing. A deeper, more meaningful analysis of information (semantic processing) leads to better long-term memory retention compared to shallow processing.

Question 17

Levels-of-processing theory suggests that shallow processing is to deep processing as __________ is to__________.
A) physical characteristics; semantic content
B) repetitive rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Accepted Answer

Levels-of-processing theory posits that memory retention is improved when information is processed deeply (considering its meaning and implications) rather than shallowly (focusing on surface characteristics). Both A) physical characteristics; semantic content and B) repetitive rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal illustrate the contrast between shallow and deep processing, making C) the correct answer.

Question 18

Implicit memory is involved in
A) skills that operate automatically.
B) our first impressions of others.
C) prejudice and discrimination.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is involved in all of these options: skills that operate automatically, our first impressions of others, and prejudice and discrimination. It encompasses the unconscious influence of past experiences on behavior and attitudes.

Question 19

Studies investigating priming effects exemplify which form of memory?
A) explicit
B) declarative
C) procedural
D) implicit

Accepted Answer

Priming effects are associated with implicit memory, as they involve the influence of an earlier presented stimulus on the response to a later stimulus without conscious awareness of the connection.

Question 20

Your text suggests that the correlation between scores on an explicit memory test and those on an implicit memory test of the same material would probably be
A) low.
B) negative.
C) high.
D) positive.

Accepted Answer

Implicit and explicit memory tests measure different types of memory processes, with explicit memory involving conscious recollection and implicit memory involving unconscious recollection. Therefore, the correlation between scores on these types of tests is typically low because they assess different cognitive functions.

Quiz 6: Memory Processes, Consolidation, and Forgetting: Exploring the Complexities of Memory

Which of the following is NOT one of the three memory processes identified at the beginning of the text's discussion of memory?

Sensory memory has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Robert just met a woman he feels attracted to and keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. He is using to keep this woman's name in memory.

Rehearsal serves to

Which of the following memory processes is LEAST likely involved when you look up a phone number, then turn to dial it?

What is the goal of elaborative rehearsal?

Which of the following represents elaborative rehearsal strategies?

The concept of working memory represents an alternative conceptualization of ___________memory.

Which of the following accurately describes the processing of information in working memory?

Cole knows that the capital of Canada is Ottawa. This is an example of a(n) __________ memory.

Liz knows that "correlation does not mean causation". This is an example of a(n) __________memory.

The hippocampus plays a role in memory consolidation. Think back to the three memory processes described at the beginning of the chapter. It is probably most accurate to say that the hippocampus is more involved in than in .

The search for engrams has been largely fruitless because

An essay question is a(n) _________ test of memory.

A multiple-choice question is a _________ test of memory.

The __________ model of memory suggests that a deeper analysis of meaning enables you to improve long-term memory.

Levels-of-processing theory suggests that shallow processing is to deep processing as is to.

Implicit memory is involved in

Studies investigating priming effects exemplify which form of memory?

Your text suggests that the correlation between scores on an explicit memory test and those on an implicit memory test of the same material would probably be