Question 1

Imagine a line graph showing two lines. Line A displays the mean number of hours per week spent in out-of-home employment by married women over the past several decades. Line B displays the mean number of hours spent on housework each week by married women over the past several decades. Based on your text's discussion, which of the following is probably TRUE?
A) The slope of Line A is positive and the slope of Line B is 0 or negative.
B) The slopes of the two lines are more or less equivalent.
C) The slope of Line A is less than that of Line B .
D) The slopes of both lines are negative.

Accepted Answer

The slope of Line A is positive because the mean number of hours per week spent in out-of-home employment by married women has generally increased over the past several decades. The slope of Line B is 0 or negative because the mean number of hours spent on housework each week by married women has either remained stable or decreased in the same period.

Question 2

Dr. Ledet finds that on average, the scores of his older adult participants on a standardized intelligence test are lower than those of his young adult participants. Although these results might suggest that intellectual functioning declines in later adulthood, which of the following alternative explanations must be taken into account?
A) The older adults may be less healthy physically than the younger participants.
B) The older adults may have less formal education on average than might their younger counterparts.
C) The standardized test may fail to tap into practical intelligence, an area which might be less susceptible to decline with age.
D) All these alternatives should be considered.

Accepted Answer

Each of the alternatives provided (A, B, and C) offers a plausible explanation that could account for the observed differences in test scores between older and younger adults, beyond the simple assumption of a decline in intellectual functioning with age. Therefore, all these alternatives should be considered to fully understand the factors influencing the observed results.

Question 3

Recall the discussion of hypotheses and theories in the research methods chapter of your text. Which of the following is not an operational definition of fluid intelligence?
A) the speed with which numerical calculations are performed
B) a score on a vocabulary test
C) the accuracy with which analogies between abstract diagrams are solved
D) neither of these options are an operational definition of fluid intelligence

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. It involves the ability to analyze novel problems, identify patterns and relationships that underpin these problems, and the extrapolation of these using logic. Thus, a score on a vocabulary test (option B) does not operationalize fluid intelligence because it measures acquired knowledge rather than the ability to solve new problems or think abstractly. Options A and C, involving numerical calculations and solving analogies with abstract diagrams, are more aligned with the concept of fluid intelligence.

Question 4

Age-related declines are more apparent in ______ than in ______.
A) numerical ability; verbal ability
B) inductive reasoning; numerical ability
C) verbal ability; numerical ability
D) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that as people age, their numerical ability tends to decline more than their verbal ability. Verbal skills, often maintained or even improved with age, are less susceptible to the aging process compared to numerical skills, which can decline due to factors like reduced processing speed and working memory capacity.

Question 5

Dr. Stein is a psychologist who takes a "nurture" stance on the nature vs. nurture issue. Which of the following explanations is she most likely to offer to account for age-related memory declines?
A) Older adults are not held in high esteem in our culture, and we expect their cognitive functioning to decline.
B) Older adults no longer face the cognitive challenges encountered at work.
C) She might offer either or both A or B as explanations.
D) She would not offer any of these explanations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Stein is a psychologist who takes...

Question 6

Positive self-perceptions of aging are associated with ________
A) disengagement.
B) spatial orientation.
C) longevity.
D) senility.

Accepted Answer

Positive self-perceptions of aging are associated with longevity. Studies have shown that individuals who have a positive outlook on aging tend to live longer than those with negative perceptions. This is believed to be due to a combination of psychological resilience, healthier lifestyle choices, and reduced stress.

Question 7

The life review is consistent with Erikson's ___________ stage.
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) intimacy vs. isolation
C) identity vs. role confusion
D) ego integrity vs. despair

Accepted Answer

The life review is consistent with Erikson's ego integrity vs. despair stage, which typically occurs in late adulthood. During this stage, individuals reflect on their lives and accomplishments, leading to feelings of fulfillment and integrity or despair and regret.

Question 8

Dr. Kim Bartholomew and colleagues looked at parenting role reversal and found which of the following to be true?
A) parenting role reversal was related to growing up in families with more neglect, rejection, and little comfort
B) girls took on the parenting role reversal more than boys
C) children did not have poor adult attachment later in life despite parenting role reversal
D) all of these options

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kim Bartholomew's research on parenting role reversal found that it was associated with growing up in environments characterized by neglect, rejection, and a lack of comfort. Additionally, it was more common for girls to take on the parenting role compared to boys. Despite these challenging circumstances, children who experienced parenting role reversal did not necessarily have poor adult attachment outcomes, indicating a complex relationship between early family dynamics and later attachment styles.

Question 9

Adolescence and puberty are often thought to be the same. However, puberty is more ________ while adolescence is more _______.
A) biological; societal
B) societal; biological
C) biological; behavioural
D) behavioural; societal

Accepted Answer

Puberty is a biological process involving physical changes that lead to sexual maturity, while adolescence is a broader concept that includes psychological, social, and cultural aspects of growing from a child into an adult.

Question 10

Suicide rates are _______ times higher among First Nation and Inuit youth than any other youth inCanada.
A) 1 to 3
B) 3 to 5
C) 5 to 7
D) 7 to 9

Accepted Answer

Suicide rates among First Nation and Inuit youth in Canada are significantly higher, estimated to be 5 to 7 times higher than among other Canadian youth.

Question 11

The study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life is referred to as __________psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the patterns of growth...

Question 12

The issue of the degree to which the environment and heredity influence behaviour is known as the__________ issue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The issue of the degree to which...

Question 13

Chromosomes contain __________ of genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chromosomes contain __________ of genes....

Question 14

The most noteworthy feature of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is that it suggests that development is a __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most noteworthy feature of Erikson's theory...

Question 15

The __________ theory of aging states that aging involves a gradual withdrawal from the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ theory of aging states that...

Question 16

When a child fits new knowledge into his or her existing schema, he or she is participating in the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a child fits new knowledge into...

Question 17

When a child is presented with new information that does not fit his or her existing schemas, he or she must modify or change the existing schema to fit the new information. This process is known as_______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a child is presented with new...

Question 18

Alzheimer's disease affects approximately ________ people aged 65 or older in Canada.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alzheimer's disease affects approximately ________ people aged...

Question 19

Recall the perspectives in contemporary psychology described in Chapter 1 of your text. Compare and contrast several of the perspectives with respect to their position on the nature vs. nurture issue. For each perspective that you describe, suggest a topic in developmental psychology that might be of particular interest to investigators.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recall the perspectives in contemporary psychology described...

Quiz 10: Developmental Psychology: Exploring Intellectual Issues, Twin Studies, Research Designs, and Developmental Milestones

Recall the discussion of hypotheses and theories in the research methods chapter of your text. Which of the following is not an operational definition of fluid intelligence?

Age-related declines are more apparent in than in .

Dr. Stein is a psychologist who takes a "nurture" stance on the nature vs. nurture issue. Which of the following explanations is she most likely to offer to account for age-related memory declines?

Positive self-perceptions of aging are associated with ________

The life review is consistent with Erikson's ___________ stage.

Dr. Kim Bartholomew and colleagues looked at parenting role reversal and found which of the following to be true?

Adolescence and puberty are often thought to be the same. However, puberty is more __ while adolescence is more _.

Suicide rates are _______ times higher among First Nation and Inuit youth than any other youth inCanada.