Question 1

What aspect(s) of personality are believed to have evolved in humans?

Accepted Answer

All of the listed aspects (overeating, quick response to danger, and aggression in men) are believed to have evolved in humans to enhance survival in the ancestral environment. Overeating is thought to have been advantageous when food was scarce, quick response to danger helped in avoiding predators or other threats, and aggression in men could have been beneficial for defending resources or competing for mates.

Question 2

People high in the trait of ________ are more easily conditioned with emotional stimuli.

Accepted Answer

People high in neuroticism are more emotionally reactive and vulnerable to stress compared to those lower in neuroticism. This makes them more easily conditioned with emotional stimuli because they have a heightened sensitivity to such stimuli.

Question 3

The research strategy for assessing personality stability that studies two or more groups assumed to be at different stages of development is

Accepted Answer

The cross-sectional research strategy involves studying different groups of people, each at a different stage of development, at a single point in time. This method is often used to infer changes related to age or development by comparing these different groups.

Question 4

_________ vs. _________ achieved a high .75 on the heritability of Cattell's 16 PF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ vs. _________ achieved a high .75...

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development include industry vs. inferiority, intimacy vs. isolation, and trust vs. mistrust, but do not include a stage called life vs. death.

Question 6

A baby being measured for attachment using Ainsworth's Strange-situation procedure appears to be extremely clinging and attached to the mother's side when she comes back into the room. This baby would be classified as

Accepted Answer

This behavior is indicative of an anxious attachment style, where the child shows extreme clinginess and fear of separation, often becoming very upset when the caregiver leaves and overly attached when they return.

Question 7

Generativity is best described as

Accepted Answer

Generativity, as described by Erik Erikson, is a concern for establishing and guiding the next generation, which typically arises during middle adulthood. It encompasses both aspects of wanting to contribute to society and help others (part of Erikson's later adulthood stage) and a desire to help others, making both A and B correct.

Question 8

Ainsworth's three types of attachment in an infant's "strange situation" are

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth's "strange situation" experiment identified three main types of attachment: secure, avoidant, and anxious (sometimes referred to as anxious-ambivalent). These types describe how infants react to their caregiver's departure and return in a novel environment.

Question 9

The part of personality development where one seems to have no evidence of exploration and also does not have a clear identity is

Accepted Answer

Identity diffusion is characterized by a lack of both exploration and commitment in the areas of occupation, ideology, and values. Individuals in this state have not yet made definitive choices, and they are not actively trying to make such choices, leading to an unclear sense of identity.

Question 10

According to James Marcia's identity statuses, which of the following is NOT an identity status?

Accepted Answer

James Marcia identified four identity statuses: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement. "Identity association" is not one of the statuses he described.

Question 11

George is in preschool. His teachers notice that he is hyper?likes to jump around a lot and cannot sit still during nap time. George is probably

Accepted Answer

George's behavior of being hyperactive and unable to sit still suggests he is high in activity level, which is a characteristic related to physical energy and movement, rather than his sociability, attachment style, or introversion.

Question 12

Dennis always wanted to be a doctor. His parents pushed him in biology and chemistry. When he applied for college, he declared his major as pre-medical and only took classes that would help him to get into Medical School. According to the identity status paradigm, Dennis is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

Dennis is in the identity foreclosure stage because he has committed to an identity (being a doctor) without exploring other options, influenced by his parents' expectations.

Question 13

An identity that results in an individual exploring different options before making a decision is said to be

Accepted Answer

Moratorium refers to a period in an individual's development when they are actively exploring various options and commitments before making a decision regarding their identity. This stage is characterized by experimentation and exploration of different paths.

Question 14

The idea that you can assess someone's personality by studying their face is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that you can assess someone's...

Question 15

Humanistic psychologists explained

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists focus on the unique qualities and potential of humans, emphasizing personal growth, self-actualization, and the subjective experience of the individual.

Question 16

Extraverts have ________ participation

Accepted Answer

Extraverts are characterized by their outgoing nature and enjoyment of social interactions, which leads to higher social participation.

Question 17

traits could be organized into three levels:

Accepted Answer

The answer of traits could be organized into three levels:
...

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 19

The ________ approach to understanding human behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud and his followers.

Question 20

The influence of parents on the personality of their children is:

Accepted Answer

The influence of parents on the personality of their children is strongest in early childhood, as this is a critical period for development where children are highly impressionable and learn foundational behaviors and attitudes.

Quiz 2: Personality, Development, and Traits