Question 1

______________ is a Contemporary American psychologist whose triarchic theory of intelligence includes three forms of intelligence- componential, contextual, and experiential.

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg is known for his triarchic theory of intelligence, which divides intelligence into three forms: analytical (componential), creative (experiential), and practical (contextual).

Question 2

____________ is a form of intelligence that involves the ability to deal with novel situations by drawing on existing skills and knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Experiential intelligence, part of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, involves the ability to apply past experiences and knowledge to new and novel situations, demonstrating adaptability and problem-solving skills.

Question 3

_____________ is a form of intelligence that involves the ability to adapt to the environment and is sometimes described as street smarts.

Accepted Answer

Contextual intelligence refers to the ability to understand the limits of our knowledge and adapt that knowledge to an environment different from the one in which it was developed. It is often equated with "street smarts," or the ability to manage and navigate different situations and environments effectively.

Question 4

The principle of ________________ states that the body monitors and maintains relatively constant levels of internal states, such as temperature, fluid levels and energy supplies.

Accepted Answer

The principle of homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions, such as temperature and fluid balance, despite changes in the external environment.

Question 5

____________ theories proposed that behavior is motivated by the "pull" of external goals such as rewards.

Accepted Answer

Incentive theories propose that behavior is motivated by the "pull" of external goals such as rewards.

Question 6

______________ is defined by Maslow as "the full use and exploitation of talent, capacities and potentials"

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is defined by Maslow as the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, considered as a drive or need present in everyone.

Question 7

________________ hormone seems to play a role in signaling satiation, or fullness.

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin is a hormone that is released in the gut and signals the brain to induce the feeling of fullness or satiation after eating.

Question 8

_____________ is weighing 20 percent or more above one's optimal body weight.

Accepted Answer

Obese refers to a condition where an individual weighs 20 percent or more above their optimal body weight.

Question 9

______________ is the degree to which a person is subjectively convinced of his or her own capabilities, effectiveness, or efficiency in meeting the demands of a situation.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. It plays a key role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges.

Question 10

______________ motivation is the drive to excel, succeed or out-perform others at some task.

Accepted Answer

Achievement motivation is the drive to excel, succeed, or out-perform others at some task, focusing on the individual's desire for significant accomplishment, mastering of skills, control, or high standards.

Question 11

_______________ is a distinct psychological state that involves subjective experience, physical arousal, and a behavioral expression or response.

Accepted Answer

Emotion is the correct answer because it encompasses a complex psychological state that includes an individual's subjective experience, physiological arousal (such as increased heart rate or sweating), and an observable behavioral expression or response (such as smiling, crying, or yelling).

Question 12

Tim buys a lottery ticket every Friday with the expectation that he is going to win some money. His behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

Incentive motivation is when a person's behavior is motivated by an external reward. In this case, Tim buys a lottery ticket because he is motivated by the potential monetary reward, which is an external incentive.

Question 13

The psychological energy that each person possesses evolves to form the three basic _____________ of personality.

Accepted Answer

The three basic structures of personality, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, are the id, ego, and superego. These structures interact to shape human behavior and psychological energy.

Question 14

The main drawback to any defense mechanism is that maintaining self-deceptions requires ______________, which is needed to cope effectively with the demands of daily life.

Accepted Answer

The main drawback to using defense mechanisms is that they consume psychological energy, which could otherwise be used to cope effectively with the demands of daily life. Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes used to protect oneself from anxiety and to manage emotional conflict, but they can be mentally draining, leaving less energy available for dealing with reality and everyday challenges.

Question 15

The most critical conflict that the child must successfully resolve for healthy personality and sexual development occurs during the _______________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage, according to Freudian psychosexual development theory, is the most critical period for healthy personality and sexual development. During this stage, children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents, leading to the formation of the Oedipus complex in boys and the Electra complex in girls. Successful navigation through this stage is considered essential for the development of a mature sexual identity and personality.

Question 16

Freud's views on female sexuality, particularly the concept of _______________ are among his most severely criticized ideas.

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of "penis envy" has been criticized for its perceived sexist implications and lack of empirical support, suggesting that women feel inferior due to not having a penis.

Question 17

In Freud's theory, the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality is _________________.

Accepted Answer

Libido is the term Freud used to describe the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality.

Question 18

______________ is a term used to describe a level of awareness that contains information that is not currently in conscious awareness but is easily accessible.

Accepted Answer

The preconscious refers to the part of the mind that contains information that is not in the forefront of one's current awareness but can be easily brought into consciousness.

Question 19

_____________ is the first psychosexual stage of development, during which the infant derives pleasure through the activities of sucking, chewing and biting.

Accepted Answer

The oral stage is the first psychosexual stage of development according to Freud, where the infant's pleasure centers are in the mouth, leading to behaviors such as sucking and biting.

Question 20

________________ is a psychoanalytical technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings and mental images as they come to mind.

Accepted Answer

Free association is a psychoanalytical technique where the patient is encouraged to share thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they occur, without censorship or filtering, to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Quiz 3: Psychological Concepts and Theories