Question 1

In adult development, mid-life is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Mid-life is often characterized by a sense of time running out, as individuals become more aware of their mortality and the finite nature of life.

Question 2

Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) concrete operations. This stage, typically occurring between ages 7 and 11, is when children develop logical thinking about concrete events. They gain a better understanding of the concept of conservation (the idea that quantity doesn't change despite changes in the shape or arrangement of objects), and they can classify and seriate objects, which means they can sort items by different attributes (like size or color) and understand the relationship between objects.

Question 3

Which of the following describes Roger's view of humanity?

Accepted Answer

Roger's view of humanity, particularly in the context of Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology, is that people are inherently good and have an innate tendency towards growth and self-actualization.

Question 4

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development suggests that most individuals do not progress beyond the conventional level, where moral reasoning is based on societal norms and the desire to uphold laws and rules.

Question 5

Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals

Accepted Answer

Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance suggests that individuals strive for internal consistency. When confronted with conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors, they experience psychological discomfort (dissonance) and are motivated to reduce this dissonance, often by changing their attitudes or beliefs to restore consistency.

Question 6

The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during adulthood was

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung was the first among the listed theorists to acknowledge and emphasize the importance of continued psychological development throughout adulthood. He introduced concepts such as individuation, which occurs throughout an individual's lifespan.

Question 7

A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as

Accepted Answer

The answer of A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a...

Question 8

According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, when an individual's real self and self-ideal do not match,

Accepted Answer

Adler's theory of individual psychology suggests that when there is a discrepancy between an individual's real self and their self-ideal, it can lead to feelings of inferiority. This is because the individual perceives a gap between where they are and where they wish to be, which can result in a sense of not measuring up or being less than others.

Question 9

As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is "anorexia nervosa". You would expect the client to be

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is more commonly diagnosed in females and often begins in adolescence. It is not specifically associated with being extroverted or introverted.

Question 10

Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are

Accepted Answer

Both Murray and Maslow developed theories centered around human needs; Murray with his theory of psychogenic needs and Maslow with his hierarchy of needs.

Question 11

When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or impulses to others. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Projection is the defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own unacceptable desires or impulses to others, rather than accepting responsibility for them themselves.

Question 12

The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory, means

Accepted Answer

A cardinal trait is a dominant characteristic that defines a person's behavior in most situations, according to Allport's theory of personality.

Question 13

A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches treatment

Accepted Answer

Learning theory approaches in counseling focus on understanding and modifying observable behaviors rather than emphasizing rational thinking, emotional content, or a holistic view. This approach is grounded in behaviorism, which considers behavior to be learned and therefore changeable through the application of various behavioral techniques and interventions.

Question 14

Lewin theorizes that an individual's behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This approach to human development may be called

Accepted Answer

Lewin's theory is phenomenological because it focuses on the individual's perception of their environment and how this perception influences their behavior, rather than on objective reality itself.

Question 15

_____________ may be either basic, additive, or subtractive.

Accepted Answer

Empathy can be categorized as basic, additive, or subtractive, referring to the depth and accuracy of understanding and reflecting another person's feelings and experiences.

Question 16

Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are exhibiting the trait called_______________.

Accepted Answer

Genuineness, also known as authenticity, refers to the trait of being true to one's own personality, spirit, or character, even in a professional setting. Counselors who are genuine act in harmony with their own values and beliefs, making them more trustworthy and relatable to their clients.

Question 17

Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have difficulty developing ______________________ in the helping relationship.

Accepted Answer

Intimacy is crucial in the helping relationship as it involves developing a close, trusting connection between the counselor and client. Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may struggle to establish this level of intimacy, which can hinder the effectiveness of the therapeutic process.

Question 18

The approach used by__________ is very effective for treating depression.

Accepted Answer

Beck is known for developing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is highly effective in treating depression. CBT focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, which are key components in depressive disorders.

Question 19

When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, ______________ takes place.

Accepted Answer

Transference occurs when a client projects feelings onto the counselor that were originally felt in relationships with significant others. This is a common phenomenon in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies.

Question 20

The __________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with a tendency toward growth and productivity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ holds that individual are essentially...

Quiz 2: Psychology and Counseling Theories