Question 1

Research hypotheses are ______________
A)Formulated prior from review of the literature
B)Statements of predicted relationships between variables
C)Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
D)Both b and c

Accepted Answer

Research hypotheses are indeed statements of predicted relationships between variables (B) and are stated in a way that allows them to be confirmed or refuted (C), making option D (both B and C) the correct answer.

Question 2

Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except- -------
A)it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest.
B)it relies on the collection of non numerical data such as words and pictures
C)it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
D)it uses the inductive scientific method

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research is usually conducted when there is not a great deal known about the topic, making it exploratory in nature. It aims to understand concepts, thoughts, or experiences rather than to quantify them, which is why it relies on non-numerical data and is used to generate hypotheses and develop theories.

Question 3

The opposite of the variables is
A)A constant
B)An extraneous variable
C)A dependent variable
D)A data set

Accepted Answer

A constant is the opposite of a variable because while a variable can change or vary, a constant remains the same throughout a given context or across different situations.

Question 4

The quantitative research is best described by------
A)the collection of non numerical data
B)an attempt to confirms the researcher's hypotheses
C)research that is exploratory
D)research that attempts to generate a new theory

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research is characterized by the collection and analysis of numerical data, often with the aim of testing hypotheses or examining relationships between variables. It is not primarily focused on generating new theories (that's more aligned with qualitative research) or collecting non-numerical data.

Question 5

______allow a researcher to examine the degree and directionof the relationship between two characteristics or variables.
A)Correlational designs
B)Quasi-experimental designs
C)Confounding variables
D)Experimental designs

Accepted Answer

Correlational designs are specifically used to investigate the relationship between two variables, including both the strength and direction of that relationship.

Question 6

A dependent variable refers to............
A)The experimental condition
B)The variable which shows us the effect of the manipulation.
C)The variable being manipulated or varied in some way by the researcher
D)A variable with a single value which remains constant in a particular context

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable, thus showing the effect of the manipulation.

Question 7

Variables are..........-
A)the main focus of research in science.
B)something that can vary in terms of precision
C)something that we can measure
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Variables are indeed the main focus of research in science as they are the elements that researchers manipulate or observe to see effects on study outcomes. They can vary in terms of precision depending on the measurement tools or methods used, and they are aspects of the research that can be measured or quantified.

Question 8

________ is the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.
A)Type I error
B)Type II error
C)Type A error
D)Type B error

Accepted Answer

Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but the statistical test fails to reject it.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is/are true according to the logic of hypothesis testing?
A)When the null hypothesis is true, it should be rejected
B)When the null hypothesis is true, it should not be rejected
C)When the null hypothesis is false, it should be rejected
D)Both b and c are true

Accepted Answer

B and C are correct because when the null hypothesis is true, we aim not to reject it, and when it's false, we seek to reject it. This aligns with the fundamental principles of hypothesis testing.

Question 10

A literature review requires
A)Planning
B)Good & clear writing
C)Lot of rewriting
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

A literature review requires planning to structure and focus the review, good and clear writing to effectively communicate the findings and analysis, and often involves a lot of rewriting to refine arguments, clarify points, and ensure coherence.

Question 11

Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating........
A)Primary data
B)Secondary data
C)Qualitative data
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Conducting surveys is a direct method of gathering information from individuals or groups, making the data collected primary in nature. Primary data is information obtained directly from the source for the first time for a specific research purpose.

Question 12

A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the..........
A)Interview schedule
B)Questionnaire
C)Interview guided.
D)All of the given options

Accepted Answer

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering information from respondents, who read the questions and record their answers themselves.

Question 13

Exploratory research addresses one of the following types of question.
A)If
B)How
C)Why
D)What

Accepted Answer

Exploratory research is primarily concerned with understanding "what" is happening in a given situation, often to gather preliminary information that will help define problems and suggest hypotheses.

Question 14

Hypothesis test may also be called as:
A)Informal test
B)Significance test
C)Moderating test
D)T-test

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis tests are often referred to as significance tests because they are used to determine the significance of the results obtained from a sample.

Question 15

The interview in which questions are already prepared is called
A)Telephonic interview
B)Personal interview
C)Unstructured interview
D)Structured interview

Accepted Answer

Structured interviews involve a set of predetermined questions and are designed to ensure consistency and comparability of responses across interviews.

Question 16

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition is the________.
A)Experimental group
B)Control group
C)Treatment group
D)Independent group

Accepted Answer

The control group is the group in an experiment or study that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

Quiz 3: Understanding Research Hypotheses and Variables in Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

Research hypotheses are ______________

Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except- -------

The opposite of the variables is

The quantitative research is best described by------

______allow a researcher to examine the degree and directionof the relationship between two characteristics or variables.

A dependent variable refers to............

Variables are..........-

________ is the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.

Which of the following statements is/are true according to the logic of hypothesis testing?

A literature review requires

Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating........

A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the..........

Exploratory research addresses one of the following types of question.

Hypothesis test may also be called as:

The interview in which questions are already prepared is called

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition is the________.