Question 1

There is a number of ways in which confounding extraneous variables can be controlled. Which control technique is considered to be the best?
A)Random assignment
B)Matching
C)Counterbalancing
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Random assignment is considered the best method for controlling confounding extraneous variables because it ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, thus balancing out unknown factors across groups.

Question 2

A cell is a combination of two or more____in a factorial design.
A)Research designs
B)Research measurements
C)Dependent variables
D)Independent variables

Accepted Answer

In a factorial design, a cell represents a combination of two or more levels of independent variables. This design allows researchers to study the effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable, as well as the interaction effects between independent variables.

Question 3

A factorial design is one in which____.
A)Only one independent variable is studied to determine its effect on the dependent variable
B)Only two independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable
C)Two or more independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable
D)Two dependent variables are studied to determine their interactive effects

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs involve studying two or more independent variables simultaneously to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable. This allows researchers to examine not only the separate impact of each independent variable but also how they interact with each other in affecting the dependent variable.

Question 4

The variable the researcher matches to eliminate it as an alternative explanation is called a_________variable.
A)Matching
B)Independent
C)Dependent
D)Partial

Accepted Answer

A matching variable is one that a researcher intentionally matches among participants in different groups to ensure that this variable does not become an alternative explanation for any differences observed in the outcome of the study.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a longitudinal design?
A)Panel
B)Cross-sectional
C)Trend
D)Both a and c are longitudinal designs

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 6

In qualitative research, differences among types of purposive sample have to do with-----
A)Representativeness.
B)Timing during the study.
C)Individual variability.
D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research, purposive sampling focuses on selecting units (e.g., individuals, groups of individuals, institutions) that are knowledgeable about or have experienced a phenomenon of interest, rather than aiming for statistical representativeness. The differences among types of purposive samples can relate to representativeness (how well the sample reflects the broader population or phenomenon), timing during the study (when the sample is selected can influence the type of information obtained), and individual variability (seeking a range of perspectives or experiences within the sample). Therefore, all the mentioned factors are relevant considerations in the context of purposive sampling in qualitative research.

Question 7

Data analysis in qualitative research, as contrasted with quantitative research, is generally-
A)Theatrical rather than applied.
B)Applied rather than theatrical.
C)Deductive rather than inductive.
D)Inductive rather than deductive.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research, data analysis is typically inductive, meaning it involves generating theories and patterns from the data itself, rather than deductive, which would involve testing hypotheses derived from existing theories.

Question 8

Qualitative researchers view changes in procedures during a study as...........
A)A weakness
B)Frustrating
C)A good thing
D)To be avoided

Accepted Answer

Qualitative researchers often see changes in procedures as beneficial because they allow for flexibility and adaptability in response to new insights or data that emerge during the study.

Question 9

Conclusions from qualitative research are--------
A)Less certain than from quantitative research
B)Of little practical use
C)Seldom defensible
D)Of descriptive value only.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research conclusions are considered less certain than those from quantitative research because they are often based on non-numerical data, such as observations, interviews, and texts, making them more subjective and open to interpretation.

Question 10

The validity poses a problem for qualitative research because-
A)Because the measurement of validity implies that there is something fixed which can be' measured
B)Because the validity of interviews cannot be measured
C)Because validity is only an issue in quantitative research
D)Because there isn't any quantitative data on which to assess validity

Accepted Answer

Validity in qualitative research is challenging because it assumes the existence of a fixed reality that can be measured, which contradicts the nature of qualitative research that often explores subjective experiences and perspectives.

Question 11

The weakness of quantitative research is-------
A)Provides precise, numerical data
B)The researcher's categories that are used might not reflect local constituenciesunderstandings
C)Testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected
D)Can study a large number of people

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research often involves using predefined categories and measurements to collect data, which can lead to a limitation where the categories defined by the researcher do not accurately reflect the understandings, experiences, or perspectives of the study participants or local communities. This can result in a misrepresentation of the phenomena being studied.

Question 12

A study in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time is a..........
A)Concurrent mixed method design
B)Mixed method design
C)Sequential mixed method design
D)Cross-sectional mixed method design

Accepted Answer

Concurrent mixed method design involves collecting both quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously.

Question 13

The starting point for a literature search is--------
A)Tertiary data
B)Primary data
C)Secondary data
D)Some other data

Accepted Answer

The answer of The starting point for a literature search...

Question 14

The researcher is usually interested in supporting ---- when he or she is engaging in hypothesis testing.
A)The alternative hypothesis
B)The null hypothesis
C)Both the alternative and null hypothesis
D)Neither the alternative or null hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The researcher is usually interested in supporting the alternative hypothesis when engaging in hypothesis testing, as it represents the effect or difference they are attempting to demonstrate or prove exists. The null hypothesis typically posits no effect or difference, and the goal is often to reject it in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

Question 15

A developmental research design that examines agedifferences at only one point in time is called the_________method.
A)Cross-sectional
B)Longitudinal
C)Single-case
D)Sequential

Accepted Answer

The cross-sectional method involves studying different age groups at one point in time to identify age-related differences, which contrasts with longitudinal and sequential methods that study changes over time.

Quiz 4: Research Design and Analysis

There is a number of ways in which confounding extraneous variables can be controlled. Which control technique is considered to be the best?

A cell is a combination of two or more____in a factorial design.

A factorial design is one in which____.

The variable the researcher matches to eliminate it as an alternative explanation is called a_________variable.

Which of the following is not a longitudinal design?

In qualitative research, differences among types of purposive sample have to do with-----

Data analysis in qualitative research, as contrasted with quantitative research, is generally-

Qualitative researchers view changes in procedures during a study as...........

Conclusions from qualitative research are--------

The validity poses a problem for qualitative research because-

The weakness of quantitative research is-------

A study in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time is a..........

The starting point for a literature search is--------

The researcher is usually interested in supporting ---- when he or she is engaging in hypothesis testing.

A developmental research design that examines agedifferences at only one point in time is called the_________method.