Question 1

Energy intakes of obese children should be based on:

Accepted Answer

Energy intakes of obese children should be based on calories needed to slow the rate of weight gain, vs. calories needed to promote weight loss. Calculated calorie needs may include an allowance for physical activity.

Question 2

Problems encountered in delivering nutrition services to migrant populations include:

Accepted Answer

Problems encountered in delivering nutrition services to migrant populations include lack of portable medical records, limited access to referral systems, and absence of continuity of care. Because migrant populations move often to different geographical locations, it is difficult to track and contact them using traditional methods.

Question 3

Intake of fermented foods and aged cheeses needs to be avoided in individuals taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors) because of:

Accepted Answer

Intake of fermented foods and aged cheeses needs to be avoided in individuals taking MAO inhibitors because of potential interaction between epinephrine and pressor amines. Fermented foods and aged cheeses are high in pressor amines such as tyramine. MAO inhibitors block the action of enzymes that deaminate tyramine, leading to interactions with epinephrine that may cause hypertension.

Question 4

The hypermetabolic state accompanying infection, injury or burns is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The hypermetabolic state accompanying infection, injury, or burns is characterized by increased gluconeogenesis. Increased gluconegenesis occurs to raise blood glucose to meet the high energy demands of healing, which can raise the BMR by as much as 100%. Glycogenolysis is also increased to raise blood glucose, but ketosis is suppressed, because of hormonal regulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

Stomatis is treated with which of the following dietary interventions?

Accepted Answer

Stomatis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth. It may be caused by iron deficiency, in which case it is treated with iron supplementation. The usual dietary regimen is avoidance of acidic and spicy foods.

Question 6

Low-salt syndrome may be caused by:

Accepted Answer

Low-salt syndrome is occasionally seen in individuals with congestive heart failure who are being treated with severe sodium restriction. It may also be caused by decreased glomerular filtration rate in renal disease, and by adrenal gland insufficiency, both of which affect the body's ability to retain sodium.

Question 7

Fluid needs are highest in which group?

Accepted Answer

Fluid needs are highest in infants less than 12 months of age, due to the small size of their kidneys and inability to retain large amounts of water. Fluid needs in young infants are about 150 ml/kg body weight per day, as compared to adults who require about 30-35 ml/kg body weight.

Question 8

The primary immunoglobulin in human breast milk is:

Accepted Answer

The primary immunoglobulin in human breast milk is secretory IgA, which protects the infant gastrointestinal tract from infection caused by many pathogens. Beta lymphocytes are produced by the bone marrow and provide humoral immunity, while IgM antibody is involved in allergic response to antigens. Iron-binding lactoferrin is a protein which slows the growth of bacteria in the infant gut; its action is secondary to that of secretory IgA.

Quiz 2: Critical Care Nurse (CCN)