Question 1

What is the investigation protocol for a follow-up patient of post percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of carotid artery?

Accepted Answer

Follow-up procedure for a patient of post percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of carotid artery includes examination 1-week post-procedure to check neurological status. Additionally, Doppler ultrasound is performed every 3 to 6 months and then every year. Magnetic resonance imaging will be performed 3 months post-procedure as well.

Question 2

The nurse is going to assist the interventionist during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Which drugs should the nurse prepare to administer to the patient?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should prepare the drugs used during the procedure. Pharmacologic agents used during the procedure include heparin, nitroglycerine, and/or glycoprotein IIa/IIIb receptor inhibitor such as abciximab.

Question 3

Which of the following options are available for prevention of development of aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

The options available for the prevention of aneurysms are very few. The individuals should maintain proper blood pressure control, avoid smoking and stimulant drugs, avoid straining, caution with aspirin use, exercise regularly, and maintain proper cholesterol level.

Question 4

Which is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomyopathy.

Question 5

According to current guidelines, to which of the following patients should the nurse explain the routine screening for aneuryms?

Accepted Answer

Patients at high risk for aneurysms should be followed regularly by a cardiothoracic, vascular, or neurological surgeon. Current guideline recommendations suggest that men who are 65 to 75 years old and are ex-smokers should be checked for aneurysms routinely. Men aged 60 and older with a family history of aneurysms should also consider routine screening.

Question 6

The 3 domains of adult learning include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The 3 domains of adult learning include cognitive learning, psychomotor learning, affective learning. Each type of learning impacts how an individual addresses adult learning and affects the knowledge the individual can acquire. Cognitive learning is defined as the ability to acquire knowledge or intellectual information through acquisition of facts, data, making decisions or drawing conclusions. Affective learning is defined as the ability of an individual to change their attitude, feeling, emotions, or interests toward a particular event or idea. Psychomotor learning is defined as an individual's ability to master physical or motor skills and/or activities.

Question 7

An intensive care nurse answers a rapid response call for a 54 year old female patient on the pre-surgery floor who is scheduled to have a left partial knee replacement later today. When the nurse arrives, she notes the ashen color of the woman's face and profuse sweating. The monitor shows a blood pressure of 170/90, a heart rate of 122 and an oxygen saturation of 92% on 1 liter of oxygen. The admitting nurse states that the woman had been complaining of nausea. What is the most likely cause of the patient's condition?

Accepted Answer

The most likely cause of the patient's condition is the myocardial infarction. Many people who have a myocardial infarction experience symptoms such as indigestion or "just not feeling well." Because of the peripheral vasoconstriction occurring in the body, the skin will look pale or ashen. The increase of catecholamine is taken as a response to the heart attack causing tachycardia, anxiety and palpitations.

Question 8

Among different methods of stress reduction, use of repetitive verbal phases and concentrating on sensation for deep relaxation is used in which method?

Accepted Answer

Autogenics is a technique that involves the use of repetitive verbal phases and concentrating on sensations to lead to deep relaxation. Cognitive restructuring involves the use of mind to alter the stress response. Imagery is another method for stress reduction. Additionally, progressive muscle relaxation reduces stress by interfering with the sympathetic nervous system. Meditation is a process that leads to deep relaxation through use of mantras and concentration.

Question 9

Which leadership style involves minimal guidance from a leader and provides little feedback to team members?

Accepted Answer

Leadership styles include autocratic, participative, laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational. Autocratic leadership uses power to influence members of a team. Participative leadership uses a democratic process for decisions among team members. Laissez-faire leadership involves minimal guidance from a leader and provides little feedback to team members. Transactional leadership focuses on daily activities and is comfortable with the status quo. Transformational leadership involves a vision and commitment to meet a team's goals.

Question 10

In rate modulated pacing, pacing of atria and ventricles are based on:

Accepted Answer

Rate modulated pacing involves the pacing of the atria and ventricles based on physiological stress with increased heart rate. This type of pacing uses sensors to modulate pacing.

Question 11

The nurse is recording blood pressure and counting pulse rate of a patient who uses cocaine. What is the expected finding in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Most cocaine users typically demonstrate hypertension and an increased heart rate. Chest pain may mimic a myocardial infarction. Vasoconstriction occurs both within the coronary arteries and the peripheral circulation, resulting in hypertension and episodes of cardiac ischemia that may cause infarcts. In some cases, multiple infarcts may occur even with normal coronary artery.

Question 12

When the patient is being monitored for cardiogenic shock with one of the devices like extracorporeal life support, left ventricular assist device, or intraaortic balloon pump, what lab value must be monitored to prevent these devices from becoming clotted?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the extracorporeal life support, left ventricular assist device or intraaortic balloon pump from becoming clotted, the Prothrombin time (PT, INR) reflects the "thinness" of the blood and the likeliness of the blood's ability to clot.

Question 13

Which one of the listed statements correctly describes the flow of blood in an individual with an atrial septal defect who develops Eisenmenger's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Left-to-right congenital shunts are not initially cyanotic, but cyanosis may develop later (tardive cyanosis) if the shunt shifts to a right-to-left shunt due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (Eisenmenger's complex).

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tetralogy of fallot?

Accepted Answer

Tetralogy of fallot has mainly a right to left shunt caused by right ventricular outflow obstruction. Blood ends up bypassing the pulmonary artery and goes to the aorta.

Quiz 2: Cardiac