Question 1

Many laws related to discrimination revolve around the idea of equal opportunity and the disadvantage of some because of race, creed, ethnic origin, gender, and sexual orientation. What is the set of policies that are designed to promote inclusion of all individuals while addressing discrimination concerns?

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights movement of the 1960's pushed for more extensive laws and the enforcement of affirmative action began. These laws address past history of discrimination where people were excluded from schools, jobs, and social interaction. Currently, affirmative action concentrates on the desire to create a more fully integrated and diverse society.

Question 2

A large company has their employees divide into groups and discuss what they have in common. Administrators have found that an increase in this interaction among the diverse workforce lessens the significance of superficial diversity. Differences in gender, race, and nationality are pushed aside to focus on the commonalities. What is it called when distinctions are brought about in this manner by cultural values and knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Deep-level diversity is informational and acknowledges the differences in cultures that contribute to positive results. When employees learn to accept the uniqueness of each team member, trust and respect is gained. Learning to deal with diversity effectively will greatly benefit any business or corporation's productivity.

Question 3

It is illegal for any employer to discriminate against an employee in the workplace, thanks to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This is a federal agency that promotes the enforcement of civil rights laws through judicial and administrative means. Which of the following is not considered discriminatory?

Accepted Answer

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created in 1964 by the Civil Rights Act. Its main function is to address workplace discrimination complaints. While some states differ in their local laws, federal laws prohibit discrimination in age, disability, national origin, religion, race, pregnancy, sex, and sexual harassment.

Question 4

Matt works for a magazine publisher and edits many of the headline stories. His supervisor, Susan, is much older than him. She asks for his personal cell phone number in case there is an exclusive story he may be able to get in on. Matt starts getting calls late at night from Susan wanting answers to simple editing questions. Eventually, it moves to lengthier more personal conversations. Susan tells Matt there is a promotion coming up for a photographer and she is considering him for the job. As part of an interview, he will be required to come to Susan's home and photograph her as part of a portfolio. Matt is not comfortable about this and asks to photograph someone else. Susan gives the job to another employee. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Sexual discrimination violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Sexual harassment is defined as one employee making continued unwanted advances and verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature towards another employee. When submission to or rejection of this conduct affects an individual's employment, it becomes discrimination.

Question 5

Ronald and his fiancé Jeff moved into a quiet neighborhood in the suburbs with their two dogs. Immediately, they began finding notes on their front door displaying insults about their relationship. The two men attempted to ignore the rude comments sometimes made by neighbors, but were unable to put aside issues with fear when their home was broken into. What kind of crime were the two men being targeted for?

Accepted Answer

Hate crimes occur when perpetrators target victims because of their belonging in a certain social group. This is normally defined by race, religion, sexual orientation, age, class, disability, or nationality. These criminal acts are motivated by hatred and may involve physical assault, harassment, insults, destruction of property, and hate mail.

Question 6

The civil rights movement in the 1950's achieved breakthroughs in the white domination over blacks by allowing blacks the right to participate equally in political, economic, and social communities. The belief that some races are inherently superior intellectually, physically, or culturally to others and have the right to dominate them is called what?

Accepted Answer

Racism is the belief that differences among various human races determine cultural or individual achievement. Prior to the civil rights movement in the 1950's, blacks were denied any involved or support in all levels of government. This system of government was based upon discrimination.

Question 7

The Equal Pay Act states that all forms of pay covered under this law including bonuses, overtime pay, salary, stock options, vacation pay, and reimbursements for travel require what form of action?

Accepted Answer

The Equal Pay Act states that job content, not job titles, determines whether they are substantially equal. It is against the law for men and women to have an inequality in pay based on their sex. An individual alleging a violation of this act may go directly to court without first contacting the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Question 8

Age discrimination is defined as the adverse work treatment of an employee based on a category or class an employee belongs to, rather than merit. It is prohibited among employees who are over the age of 40 by private employers who have more than 20 workers. State, federal, and local governments are closely monitored as well. What act protects both employees and applicants from this discrimination?

Accepted Answer

The Age Discrimination of Employees Act states that age discrimination is prohibited in any term, condition, or privilege related to employment. It is unlawful in any phase of employment including interviews, hiring, job postings, job assignments, merit raises, and evaluation training. Age discrimination is also prohibited by employment agencies and labor organizations.

Question 9

Andrea accepts a position with a banking firm that promised day shift Monday through Friday. After her second month of employment, she was told Saturdays would be added to her shift every other week. Andrea explained she belonged to a church group that met every Saturday morning and she was the head teacher for their youth chapter. Her beliefs required her to be available every Saturday for worship and congregation. The banking firm refused to adhere to her requests and threatened to terminate her employment should she miss a Saturday. What form of discrimination does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Religious discrimination is the adverse work treatment of employees based on their on their religious beliefs or practices rather than on the employee's merit. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits religious discrimination in the manner of hiring, firing, and other conditions of employment. Reasonable accommodations include flexible paid holidays, schedules, PTO for religious observances, and the right to wear religion-required head gear.

Question 10

Harold recently applied for a transfer within his company to a new position. He has a physical disability that requires him to utilize a walker to get from place to place. Harold's current position is in payroll and he easily completes this task from the comfort of his desk. The new job opening requires administrative and supervision duties with certification in OSHA training. Harold does not have the OSHA certification, but two other non-disabled applicants do. When he does not get the position, Harold considers filing a claim with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Does Harold have a valid claim?

Accepted Answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act states it is unlawful for an employer to discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability. The person must be qualified for the position and meet all job requirements such as employment experience, skills, educational background, and licenses.

Question 11

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to make sure that people with disabilities have an equal opportunity to work or apply for a job. Under ADA, organizations must give their employees equivalent chances to be promoted, access to benefits, privileges of employment that others receive, and to be free from harassment. What other requirement does ADA oblige employers to follow?

Accepted Answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires an employer to make reasonable accommodations if an individual with a disability needs one to perform a job, apply for a job, or enjoy benefits equal to those offered to others. Employers do not have to provide accommodations if it would pose an undue hardship.

Question 12

Workplace accommodations for applicants or employees with disabilities vary depending upon their needs. Not all people with the same disability will require the same help. Reasonable accommodations include all but what statement found below?

Accepted Answer

Reasonable accommodations are adjustments or modifications provided by the employer to enable people with disabilities to enjoy equal employment opportunities. Companies or organizations can provide additional unpaid leave once the employee has utilized accrued leave.

Question 13

People find it difficult to take in all of the complexities of others as individuals. An efficient way for many to organize blocks of information is by categorizing. This allows one to simplify, predict, and organize the world. Assigning general characteristics to a specific group of people tends to save time and predict the social environment. What does this theory reflect?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is a public belief about certain social groups or types of individuals. Many times the concepts of stereotyping and prejudice are often confused with other meanings. Stereotypes are standardized conceptions of groups based on prior assumptions. Why does this often happen?

Question 14

The human tendency to make systematic errors in specific circumstances based on cognitive factors rather than evidence is a common problem. Errors in statistical judgment, memory, and social attribution cause what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive biases are a common outcome of human thought and result from information processing shortcuts. Biases can be specific to groups or individuals and distinguished in a number of ways such as decision-making, motivation, and attention seeking. Cognitive bias affects judgment of how likely something is and remembering past attitudes towards a specific situation.

Question 15

People have thoughts regarding what they perceive to be true about others. Preconceived judgments or assumptions toward people and the public because of race, gender, ethnicity, religion, age, and sex is called what?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is an assumption made about an individual or group before having adequate knowledge to do so without accuracy. There are three forms of prejudice: cognitive prejudice refers to what individuals feel to be true, affective prejudice is concerned with one's likes and dislikes, and behavioral prejudice deals with how people are inclined to behave.

Question 16

A subordinate group member possesses less control and power over their own lives than members of a dominant group. These individuals often experience social pressure and lessening of opportunities for success in comparison to the rest of society. In a split modern society, what is another name for this subordinate group?

Accepted Answer

Minority groups are not measured by their numbers, but by the substance of the majority group by which they are evaluated. An example of this is the black people in South Africa who are not considered minorities if you simply go by count. However, due to historical circumstances and past political power, they are regarded as a minority group.

Question 17

A state of affairs in which all people within an isolated group or specific society have the same status in a certain respect is an ideal situation that rarely occurs. The argument behind this perception is cited as economics, foreign policies, and immigration. What concept is being described and requires the lack of legally enforced boundaries of unjustified discrimination motivated by a person's identity?

Accepted Answer

Social equality includes equal rights such as freedom of speech, security, property rights, and access to health care. It involves equal opportunities that include society as a whole. Gender, origin, age, sexual orientation, income, language, and disability must not result in unequal treatment under the law or reduce opportunities. Social equality makes reference to social rather than income or economic equality.

Question 18

Family diversity describes the many different types of families within our society. The ideal family most presented by media is referred to as the "cereal packet family" or nuclear family. This describes both biological parents and their children living under one roof. Sociologists have named other main families that society is comprised of more so than what television depicts. Besides nuclear family, what are the other three?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists describe extended families as consisting of grandparents, parents, and children. Reconstituted are more commonly described as step families. Single-parent families consist of one parent that is usually female with children. The ideal cereal packet family is usually described as the mother being housewife, father being the breadwinner, and children being biological siblings.

Question 19

Antipathy is the opposite of sympathy and is defined as a dislike for something. Many times, individuals will perceive certain physical characteristics and mannerisms of others irrationally with automatic loathing. Example: Michael sees a young man with long hair, black clothing, and piercings all over his lip. He automatically knows this individual is trouble and avoids all contact with him. What kind of antipathy is being described?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal antipathy is characterized by marginal to reflective consciousness. Studies have shown that subjects reported not having much thought about their antipathies or analyzing them to even discuss with others. This modification of behavior is often irrational and describes characteristics that cause negative feelings often resembling automatic processes.

Question 20

Universal human rights have sufficient flexibility to protect and respect cultural integrity. They are neither representative of or oriented towards one culture. Establishing minimum standards for economic, social, civil, and political rights reflects the dynamic efforts of the international community to achieve a common system of law to protect human distinction. What kind of diversity does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Cultural diversity does not impose one set standard of human rights. The United Nations represents the universal right for an international system of law to protect human dignity. The Vienna Declaration promotes the significance of national and regional particularities. Human rights facilitate the respect and protection of cultural diversity.

Quiz 5: Diversity

The Equal Pay Act states that all forms of pay covered under this law including bonuses, overtime pay, salary, stock options, vacation pay, and reimbursements for travel require what form of action?

Workplace accommodations for applicants or employees with disabilities vary depending upon their needs. Not all people with the same disability will require the same help. Reasonable accommodations include all but what statement found below?

The human tendency to make systematic errors in specific circumstances based on cognitive factors rather than evidence is a common problem. Errors in statistical judgment, memory, and social attribution cause what phenomenon?

People have thoughts regarding what they perceive to be true about others. Preconceived judgments or assumptions toward people and the public because of race, gender, ethnicity, religion, age, and sex is called what?