Question 1

A woman with arthritis has Heberden's nodes. Which of the following statements is the most accurate statement about this deformity?

Accepted Answer

Heberden's nodes are associated with osteoarthritis. These palpable bony nodules are found on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the distal interphalangeal joints. Bouchard's nodes appear on the dorsolateral aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joints. Heberden's nodes are not associated with ulnar deviation.

Question 2

A patient suspected of osteomyelitis is ordered to have an X-ray of the affected leg to verify the diagnosis. Which of the following is/are the earliest findings of osteomyelitis on an X-ray?

Accepted Answer

One of the earliest signs of osteomyelitis on an X-ray is periosteal elevation. Osteomyelitis is not associated with fractures. Punched-out lesions are seen in myeloma. Sequestrum is the isolation or removal of bone that was infected with chronic osteomyelitis.

Question 3

On assessment, a man diagnosed with gout has urate crystal deposits in the forearms, ears, hands, knees, feet, and Achilles tendon. Which of the following mechanisms is believed to cause gout?

Accepted Answer

Gout is caused by a defect in purine metabolism, causing the overproduction of uric acid, retention of uric acid, or both. Gout is not related to calcium metabolism.

Question 4

A patient sustained Brown-Sequard's syndrome. Laboratory and diagnostic findings reveal that the lesion is located on the left side of the spinal cord. The following functions and sensations are intact in the left side of the body except:

Accepted Answer

In Brown-Sequard's syndrome, the motor functions, proprioception, vibration, and deep touch sensations are lost on the same side of the lesion. On the contralateral side, these functions are intact, but the sensations of pain, temperature, and light touch are affected. If the lesion is located on the left side of the cord, motor functions, proprioception, vibration, and deep touch on the left side are lost, but sensations of pain, temperature, and light touch are intact. If the lesion is located on the left side, the right side's motor functions, proprioception, vibration, and deep touch are intact, but the sensations of pain, temperature, and light touch are affected.

Question 5

Spinal cord injury involving the C4 results in the following signs and symptoms except:

Accepted Answer

Finger, wrist, or elbow flexion and extension are not possible. The other options are correct.

Question 6

A woman presents with paralysis of one side of the face. The patient is diagnosed with Bell's palsy. A lesion in which cranial nerve results in Bell's palsy?

Accepted Answer

A lesion in cranial nerve VII plays a role in the development of Bell's palsy. The lesion may result from infection, trauma, or tumor.

Question 7

A 12-year-old is scheduled to receive a series of the hepatitis vaccine, but a history of which of the following is a contraindication to hepatitis B vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic reaction to common baker's yeast is a contraindication. Pregnancy is a contraindication to MMR. Hypersensitivity to eggs is a contraindication to influenza vaccine Anaphylactic reaction to neomycin is a contraindication to inactivated poliovirus.

Question 8

The CSF analysis report of a 30-year-old man with meningitis reveals the following findings:
CSF opening pressure = 100 mm H2O
WBC count = 80 per mm3
Cell differential = Predominance of lymphocytes
Protein = 75 mg/dL
CSF-to-serum glucose ratio: = normal to significantly decreased
Which type of meningitis is the most consistent with the results of the CSF analysis?

Accepted Answer

Viral meningitis is usually manifested by a normal CSF opening pressure, a WBC less than 100 per mm 3, normal to elevated protein, and normal CSF-to-serum glucose ratio. A predominance of lymphocytes distinguishes viral meningitis from bacterial meningitis, which is predominant with PMNs. Options C and D have low CSF-to-serum glucose ratio.

Question 9

A 34-year-old patient presents with repeated episodes of short-lived memory loss. The patient reports frequent episodes where he wakes up in a different place with no memory of traveling there. The episode is known as:

Accepted Answer

Fugue state is characterized by diffused episodes of reversible amnesia; frequently, the patient doesn't recall chunks of events in their lives. Anterograde amnesia refers to loss of ability to retain new memories that occur after the amnesia event, while retrograde amnesia refers to ability to recall previous events that occur before the amnesia event. Selective amnesia is the loss of ability to recall a specific event.

Question 10

When the pressure within the muscle compartment increases, the following symptoms are expected except:

Accepted Answer

When swelling or bleeding occurs within a limited and a strictly-contained compartment, increased venous pressure, increased peripheral resistance, decreased arterial circulation, and decreased venous circulation are expected. Because the fascia is unable to expand, the increasing pressure within the compartment increases to the point of circulation interference.

Question 11

A 25-year-old man comes to the office and complains of fever, sore throat, and malaise. Further examination revealed lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegay. The patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. What is the causative agent of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr virus is the causative factor of infectious mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis is the causative. An example of paramyxovirus is also known as mumps and enteroviruses is also known as poliomyelitis.

Question 12

The following actions demonstrate the appropriate ways of taking anti-asthma medications except:

Accepted Answer

Beclomethasone, a corticosteroid, is inhaled after albuterol, an adrenergic. The sequence is correct, but these drugs are used for the treatment of acute asthma attack. Both medications are also used as prophylaxes anti-asthma drugs, but not in their inhaled forms.

Question 13

A bother brings in a 18-month-old child with low-grade fever, rhinorrhea, and wheezing on auscultation. The child is diagnosed to have respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV. which type of precautionary measures should you maintain?

Accepted Answer

Although the child is demonstrating respiratory symptoms, you should maintain contact precautions when caring for a child with RSV. RSV is highly infectious and is commonly transmitted through direct skin contact.

Question 14

A 38-year-old man who sustained a lung contusion 24 hours ago presents with dyspnea, tachypnea, and anxiety. Progressive respiratory distress develops, though oxygen has been administered. Based on these findings, it is most likely that the patient is diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a noncardiac pulmonary edema and progressive refractory hypoxemia, where hypoxemia does not improve with oxygen administration. It usually occurs 24 to 48 hours after the initial insult.

Question 15

A male patient demonstrates difficulty getting up from a seated position without using his arms. Muscle pain and proximal muscle weakness are reported by the patient, as well. No rashes are observed. Testing reveals elevated CPK and aldose with abnormal electromyogram. The patient is mostly likely diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Polymyositis and dermatomyosit have similar manifestations. In both conditions, patients find it hard to get up from a seated position without using the arms. Patients can also have muscle pain and tenderness in both conditions. However, patients with dermatomyositis present with different types of rashes like Gottron's papules, heliotrope rash, and Shawl sign. Elevated CPK and aldose with an abnormal electromyogram verify polymyositis.

Question 16

A female patient visits the office to receive a rubella vaccine. Before giving the vaccine, the nurse would instruct the patient to:

Accepted Answer

The nurse should advise the patient not to become pregnant for 3 months until the rubella virus is no longer active. Getting pregnant immediately after the immunization may cause deafness, mental and motor challenges, and cardiac defects to the fetus. The other options are not appropriate.

Question 17

The total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs. The total volume of the lungs depend on the following values:

Accepted Answer

The total lung capacity is the total volume of the lung. The total volume of the lung consists of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Tidal volume, inspiratory volume, and expiratory volume make up the lung's vital capacity.

Question 18

Which of the following is closely associated with rape victims?

Accepted Answer

Depersonalization is characterized by feeling of unreality of one's self. It is manifested by changes in how the person perceives their sense of self and their surroundings. The person becomes detached from their selves and feels as if they're watching themselves from the point of view of another person. This phenomenon occurs as a result of psychological trauma.

Question 19

A 19-year-old comes to the office to be screened for tuberculosis. The patient works in a long-term care facility. She says that she lives with a friend who was diagnosed with tuberculosis 2 months ago and is currently on treatment. The PPD test is administered and the patient returns 48 hours after the test to have the result read. The site of the test is reddened and raised about 7 mm. This PPD would be read as having which of the following results?

Accepted Answer

A 7 mm induration is a positive result for individuals who are in close contact with another person who has tuberculosis, have an abnormal chest X-ray, and have HIV.

Question 20

A newly admitted patient presents with altered behavior and changes in mood. Upon closer inspection, the patient also has muscle rigidity which progressed to choreiform movements. What is the best diagnosis for this?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease is characterized by cognitive decline, dementia, and personality changes. The disease affects muscle coordination resulting in chorea (abnormal involuntary writhing movements). Syndenham's chorea is characterized by an acute onset of chorea primarily affecting the face and limbs. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease that causes muscle rigidity, tremors, gait and posture abnormalities, and bradykinesia. Dyskinetic syndrome is a generalized term referring to abnormal involuntary movement caused by an underlying disease.

Quiz 1: The Physician Assistant National Recertifying Exam (PANRE)