Question 1

One of the common complications of cellulitis is:

Accepted Answer

Regional spread to adjacent tissues and organs is a common complication of cellulitis.

Question 2

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency (Scurvy) includes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency (Scurvy) includes all the following symptoms; A-swollen gums, anemia, poor, bruising wound healing etc., Gangrene is a not a presenting feature of scurvy.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most common cause of cyanosis within the first few weeks of life?

Accepted Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cause of cyanotic CHD.

Question 4

The adrenal cortex producing insufficient corticosteroids is:

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex producing insufficient corticosteroids is Addison's disease. The disease is also known as primary hypoadrenocorticism. Signs and symptoms include fatigue, weakness, hypotension, depression, and irritability. Orally, there will be brown macular pigmentation on the mucosa due to increased ACTH, which stimulates melanocytes. Corticosteroid replacement therapy provides treatment.

Question 5

Which is an oral fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Candidiasis is an opportunistic oral fungal infection. It is a common yeast-like fungal organism. Two types exist: the hyphae form and the yeast form. Most often, immunosuppression medications or broad-spectrum antibiotics induce the infection. A diagnosis is by exfoliative cytologic exam. Treatment options are nystatin suspension, triazole agents, and imidazole agents.

Question 6

Which of the following lesions is benign?

Accepted Answer

Papilloma lesions are benign without association of malignant transformation. The condition is related to the human papilloma virus. The surface of the lesion is soft, painless, and verrucoid. Treatment is removal of the Papilloma.

Question 7

What disease is caused by cytotoxic cell-mediated hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Linchen planus is caused by cytotoxic cell-mediated hypersensitivity. There are two types of this disease: reticular and erosive. Reticular is the most common type. It is asymptomatic and it displays Wickham's striae or white lesions from epithelial thickening. Erosive is rare, the lesions are painful, and lead to erythematous gingiva. There is no treatment for asymptomatic lesions, but systemic steroid are used for symptomatic lesions.

Question 8

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and TENs are variants of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and TENs are variants of erythema multiforme. The origins of the lesions are from sulfa drugs, vaccinations, and viral infections. These lesions primarily present on the face and extremities. Oral lesions present as vesicles and ulcerations and spread widely throughout the oral cavity. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is considered erythema multiforme miner. If it is severe, lesions display on skin, conjunctiva, genitalia, and oral mucosa, and triggered by drugs. Treatment includes systemic corticosteroids, acyclovir, and the discontinuation of causative drugs. TENs, the most severe form of erythema multiforme, must be treated in a burn unit.

Question 9

Which bacteria are gram-positive cocci?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria are common in oral infections. Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. are gram-positive cocci. The spread of infection depends on virulence of bacteria, anatomic location, and host defenses.

Question 10

Lou Gehrig's disease is a degenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons and usually has all of the following clinical features EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Lou Gehrig's disease is a degenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons and usually has the following clinical features: Spasticity, hyperreflexia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and autonomic dysfunction in approximately 1/3 of patients. Cognition is normal or unaffected.

Question 11

Which of the following bacteria is implicated in the majority of sub acute bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus viridans is implicated in the majority of sub acute bacterial endocarditis. It is known to cause sub acute bacterial endocarditis in more than 50% of all cases.

Question 12

Each of the following findings is consistent with multiple myeloma EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

One would find a decrease in the platelet count in cases of multiple myeloma. This causes difficulty with blood clotting.

Question 13

Which of the following forms of sterilization is adequate for killing hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

Autoclaving is the only way to be sure that hepatitis B virus is effectively destroyed. This form of sterilization uses moist heat to denature proteins at 121°C/205°F in 15-20 minutes. It is the most common form of sterilization and can corrode or dull carbon-steel instruments.

Question 14

Ludwig angina involves all of the following fascial spaces EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Ludwig angina does not involve the parapharyngeal fascial space.

Question 15

Each of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Being a premenopausal woman is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The risk factors for atherosclerosis include smoking, hypertension, nephrosclerosis, and diabetes.

Question 16

Which of the following skin neoplasms is benign?

Accepted Answer

Of the listed neoplasms, pigmented nevus is the only one that is benign. The other cancers are all malignant.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of shock?

Accepted Answer

There is a decrease in urinary output in patients suffering from systemic shock. Shock is a condition due to decreased tissue perfusion.

Question 18

The specific accumulation of serious fluid in the pericardial space is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Hydro pericardium is the accumulation of serous fluid within the pericardial space.

Question 19

The process of capillary action to control temperature or react to control temperature is known as:

Accepted Answer

The process of capillary action that controls temperature is vasomotor control. The actions of vasoconstriction and vasodilation are part of this process.

Question 20

This system contains the largest organ of the human body, considered the first line of defense against invasion by foreign organisms and also regulates body temperature.

Accepted Answer

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and part of the integumentary system. Also included in the integumentary system are hair follicles, nails, sweat and oil glands, as well as the underlying skin layers - the dermis and subcutaneous layers.

Quiz 1: United States Medical Licensing Examination