Question 1

In assessing a client's progress toward counseling goals, a clinician should __________.
A)Ask the client how they are doing
B)Refer to the treatment plan
C)Ask other clinicians how they think the client is doing
D)Not worry about assessing progress; it's all about the journey

Accepted Answer

Referring to the initial treatment plan where treatment goals were determined is an excellent way to assess a client's progress toward those goals. Is treatment on track or has therapy taken on a life of its own and wandered away from the initial treatment goals? A clinician might discuss these goals and progress toward them with the client as part of the therapeutic process, but would first refer to the treatment plan. Remember confidentiality.

Question 2

Many tests are available to assess client functioning. What is a reliable, valid test for assessing depression?
A)The MMPI-TM2
B)The QOLI
C)The HTP
D)The BDI

Accepted Answer

The BDI, or Beck Depression Inventory, has been extensively studied for content validity, concurrent validity, and construct validity. The MMPI-T is an empirically-based assessment of adult psychopathology. The QOLI is a quality of life inventory. The HTP, or the house-tree-person projective drawing technique, was designed to aid clinicians in obtaining information concerning an individual's sensitivity, maturity, flexibility, efficiency, degree of personality integration, and interaction with the environment.

Question 3

The MBHI, or Million Behavioral Health Inventory, instrument is a brief self-report personality inventory designed to help the clinician assess the psychological coping factors related to the physical health care of adult medical patients. It is useful in:
A)Evaluation and screening of physically ill, injured, and surgical patients
B)Workers' compensation evaluations to help assess stress-related claims
C)Evaluation and screening of individuals in specialty clinics or programs (e.g., pain, stress, headache)
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above are ways the MBHI can be useful to help identify possible psychosomatic complications, help predict response to illness or treatment, help in the development of effective rehabilitation programs, or for those who have problems that may stem from a psychological disorder or an unidentified stressor.
The Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) is a 150-item self-report measure in a true-false format, designed to examine coping styles and personality features among persons with physical illnesses. 
Note it's Millon, not Million!

Question 4

One of the reasons bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose in a child under ten is that ________.
A)The symptoms mimic or overlap ADHD
B)Children under ten do not experience bipolar disorder
C)Children under ten usually are very irritable anyway
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

In children, symptoms of bipolar disorder can be very similar to ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For a child to be appropriately diagnosed, the clinician needs to listen carefully to the parental history of the child's actions and behaviors in addition to utilizing assessments designed for children, not adults.

Question 5

Common factors in effective treatment are _________.
A)Acquiring insight and new understanding
B)Developing new perceptions or views of one's stressors or problems
C)Enjoying the process of counseling
D)Both A and B

Accepted Answer

Acquiring insight and new understanding into the self, as well as developing new perceptions or views to one's problems are both common factors in effective treatment. Additional factors associated with client change are a belief that change is necessary and warmth and support from another person. Enjoying the process of counseling is not an indicator or factor in effective treatment.

Question 6

In Brief Solution-Based therapy, the underlying theory is _____________.
A)Problems stem from the inability of the ego to suppress or moderate drives from the id.
B)A climate of acceptance and unconditional positive regard promotes self-esteem and facilitates client growth
C)Small behavioral changes lead to larger changes that have ripple effects on the whole system
D)People are self-determining and choose everything, including their thoughts, actions, and emotions.

Accepted Answer

Small behavioral changes leading to larger changes that have ripple effects on the whole system is the underlying theory of Brief Solution-based therapy. Answer A is the underlying theory of Brief Psychodynamic psychotherapy. Answer B is the underlying theory of Person-Centered therapy and answer D is the underlying theory for Reality therapy.

Question 7

On a multiaxial system assessment, Axis II is for reporting _____________ and _______________.
A)Clinical disorders and personality disorders
B)Psychosocial and environmental problems
C)Personality disorders and mental retardation
D)Adjustment disorders and eating disorders

Accepted Answer

Axis II is for reporting personality disorders and mental retardation. Clinicians may also use this axis to report maladaptive personality features that do not quite meet the requirements of a personality disorder, as well as defense mechanisms that are cause for concern.
When the fifth edition, the DSM-5, was compiled, it was determined that there was no scientific basis for dividing the disorders in this manner, so the multi-axial system was done away with. Instead, the new non-axial diagnosis combines the former Axes I, II, and III and include separate notations for the type of information that would have previously fallen into Axes IV and V. While the axes were eliminated, some clinicians may still refer to them.

Question 8

When using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, clinicians need to start ________.
A)At the bottom and evaluate each range for the function of the individual
B)At the top level and keep moving down the scale until the best match is found
C)By guessing at about which level the person might be functioning
D)With another type of assessment altogether

Accepted Answer

A clinician starts at the top level of the GAF scale and keeps moving down the scale until the best match for the individual's function is located. To determine the specific rating within the ten point range, a clinician can consider whether the person is functioning at the lower or higher end of that range.
The DSM-V no longer formally uses GAF scores, but instead now uses the assessment tool known as the WHODAS 2.0. GAF scales may still be referred to as a long-used tool.
The World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) is a practical, generic assessment instrument that can measure health and disability at the population level or in clinical practice (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2010). This is the self-report version of the WHODAS 2.0 for use by individuals 18 years of age and over. There is also a proxy version, which can be completed by a relative, carer, or friend, or an interviewer version, which can be completed by a clinician.
WHODAS 2.0 captures the level of functioning in six domains of life:
Cognition - understanding and communicating
Mobility - moving and getting around
Self-care - attending to one's hygiene, dressing, eating, and staying alone
Getting along - interacting with other people
Life activities - domestic responsibilities, leisure, work, and school
Participation - joining in community activities, participating in society.
WHODAS 2.0 provides a common metric of the impact of any health condition in terms of functioning. As a generic measure, WHODAS 2.0 does not target a specific disease - it can thus be used to compare disability due to different diseases.

Question 9

What is the differential diagnosis for Reactive Attachment Disorder according to the DSM-V?
A)Schizophrenia
B)Depression
C)Pervasive Developmental Disorders
D)Anxiety

Accepted Answer

Pervasive Developmental Disorder is one of several differential diagnoses for Reactive Attachment Disorder in children. Other possible diagnoses include Mental Retardation, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Schizophrenia, Depression, and Anxiety are not part of a differential diagnosis for RAD.

Question 10

A client states "It doesn't matter what I do, nothing goes right for me." This is an example of________________ in cognitive therapy.
A)All-or-nothing thinking
B)Overgeneralization
C)Catastrophizing
D)Disqualifying the positive

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization occurs when a person draws sweeping conclusions that are not justified by the evidence, as in the case of this statement. It is similar to all-or-nothing thinking, which is viewing a situation in terms of extremes such as "Either I am completely good or completely bad." Catastrophizing is predicting a negative outcome without considering other possibilities and disqualifying the positive focuses on only negative information, ignoring any positive input.

Question 11

Self-talk is a technique in which people repeat to themselves positive and encouraging phrases that they have identified as helpful many times a day. This technique is used in ____________ therapy.
A)Brief Psychodynamic therapy
B)Cognitive therapy
C)Jungian analytical therapy
D)This is not a technique used in therapy

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapists might assign a person self-talk if they have low self-esteem or are used to hearing many negative messages, either externally or internally. Self-talk is closely related to affirmations, which is sort of a slogan that is positive and reinforcing. People can post these wherever they might be often seen, such as on the refrigerator or bathroom mirror.

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of a strengths-based assessment?
A)To focus on the strengths of the client in all aspects of their life
B)To find a meaning to struggling
C)To create an awareness of how much clients have been through
D)To assist in choosing a method of treatment

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of a strengths- based assessment is to focus on the strengths, accomplishments, achievements, talents, and uniqueness of a client. This not only enhances the client/clinician relationship, but also allows the client to hope for the possibility of change within themselves and/or their situation. A belief in the client and their strengths is essential for a true, strengths-based assessment.

Question 13

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) is a part of cognitive behavioral treatment. The therapist seeks to "immunize" a client from the adverse impact of stress by helping them successfully handle increasing levels of stress. There are three phases to this training. The first phase is ________________.
A)Problem identification
B)Conceptualization
C)Development of skills
D)Application and follow through

Accepted Answer

Conceptualization is the first phase in SIT training. The client and therapist develop a collaborative relationship and the client is taught about the nature of stress. The client's thoughts on stress and past experiences with stressful situations are explored in depth. Skills Acquisition is the next phase where coping skills are taught and is followed by Application and Follow-through; the third phase in SIT training.

Question 14

When using Anchoring in treatment with a client, the clinician is attempting to create ___________ .
A)A way to hold the client in his chair
B)Planned positive responses to certain situations
C)A metaphor for sailing
D)Thought stopping procedures

Accepted Answer

Positive anchors can be created to help people reach their goals. Anchors can be planned or spontaneous, positive or negative, external or internal. An example of a positive, spontaneous, external anchor might be the smell of freshly baked cookies, which reminds the person of their grandma who used to bake cookies whenever they visited her. Anchors can occur in any of the sensory channels and can be used to promote positive responses.

Question 15

Cognitive therapy is based on the finding that changes in __________ lead to changes in __________.
A)Stress levels; the ability to sleep
B)Hormones; thoughts
C)Thinking; feeling and acting
D)Believing; doing

Accepted Answer

Changes in thinking lead to changes in feeling and acting. These changes occur when a client and clinician develop a positive therapeutic alliance and focus on the present, although attention is paid to the past when it is indicated. Cognitive therapy uses a broad range of techniques and interventions to help people evaluate and change their cognitions.

Question 16

Research has shown there are several characteristics of a successful client. Two of these characteristics are ___________ and _______________.
A)Maturity and the capacity for relationships
B)Intelligence and trustworthiness
C)Sense of humor and adventure
D)Trusting and giving

Accepted Answer

Maturity and the capacity for relationships are two characteristics of a successful client. Clients who are mature are likely to make a commitment to treatment and follow through on task assignments. The capacity for relationships is an ability to invest energy and caring in personal relationships and have trust in others.

Question 17

Three essential skills needed for a clinician are _______, ____________, and ___________.
A)Organizational skills, listening skills, and patience
B)The ability to structure time, team work, and clarity
C)Time management skills, being alert, and able to clean
D)Having respect for the client, encouraging optimism in seeking a realistic solution, and excellent communication skills.

Accepted Answer

While many of the other skills listed are necessary, having respect for the client, optimism in seeking a realistic solution, and excellent communication skills are essential for a skilled clinician. Respecting the client through verbal and nonverbal communication, for their value and belief systems, and for their strengths are all underlying traits that set the foundation for good clinical work. Sharing optimism with the client (even when the work is difficult) that a realistic solution will be reached gives the client the strength needed to continue.

Question 18

To make a diagnosis of a Major Depressive Episode based on DSM-V criteria, a client would need to have five or more symptoms, with at least one of the two necessary symptoms. Which symptom below is one of those two necessary symptoms?
A)Significant weight loss
B)Feelings of worthlessness
C)Markedly diminished interest or pleasure
D)Fatigue or loss of energy

Accepted Answer

A markedly diminished interest or pleasure in most all activities, or a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day for two weeks, are necessary symptoms for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode, as long as one of those two are also accompanied by other symptoms of depression for a total of five or more symptoms.

Question 19

What mental health diagnosis is most prevalent in children under age ten?
A)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
B)Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
C)Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
D)Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Accepted Answer

ADHD is still the leading diagnosed disorder in children, with boys four times more likely to receive the diagnosis than girls. The majority of children are not diagnosed with this disorder until school-age, most likely because of the greater confinements of sitting in a desk and paying attention for longer periods of time.

Question 20

In couples therapy, the Dyadic Trust Scale ____________.
A)Is an eight-item questionnaire
B)Takes less than 3 minutes to take
C)Focuses on trust between marriage partners
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The Dyadic Trust Scale is an eight-item questionnaire that takes less than three minutes to fill out and focuses on the level of trust between marriage partners. Trust is seen as an important aspect in marital harmony and is usually defined as the belief in one person of the level of integrity in another.

Quiz 5: Fundamentals

In assessing a client's progress toward counseling goals, a clinician should __________.

Many tests are available to assess client functioning. What is a reliable, valid test for assessing depression?

The MBHI, or Million Behavioral Health Inventory, instrument is a brief self-report personality inventory designed to help the clinician assess the psychological coping factors related to the physical health care of adult medical patients. It is useful in:

One of the reasons bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose in a child under ten is that ________.

Common factors in effective treatment are _________.

In Brief Solution-Based therapy, the underlying theory is _____________.

On a multiaxial system assessment, Axis II is for reporting _ and ___.

When using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, clinicians need to start ________.

What is the differential diagnosis for Reactive Attachment Disorder according to the DSM-V?

A client states "It doesn't matter what I do, nothing goes right for me." This is an example of________________ in cognitive therapy.

Self-talk is a technique in which people repeat to themselves positive and encouraging phrases that they have identified as helpful many times a day. This technique is used in ____________ therapy.

What is the primary purpose of a strengths-based assessment?

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) is a part of cognitive behavioral treatment. The therapist seeks to "immunize" a client from the adverse impact of stress by helping them successfully handle increasing levels of stress. There are three phases to this training. The first phase is ________________.

When using Anchoring in treatment with a client, the clinician is attempting to create ___________ .

Cognitive therapy is based on the finding that changes in lead to changes in .

Research has shown there are several characteristics of a successful client. Two of these characteristics are _ and _____.

Three essential skills needed for a clinician are _, , and _____.

To make a diagnosis of a Major Depressive Episode based on DSM-V criteria, a client would need to have five or more symptoms, with at least one of the two necessary symptoms. Which symptom below is one of those two necessary symptoms?

What mental health diagnosis is most prevalent in children under age ten?

In couples therapy, the Dyadic Trust Scale ____________.