Question 1

A…………… is regarded as an articulated sound.
A)varna
B)shabda
C)dhvani
D)pada

Accepted Answer

Varna refers to the basic phonetic units in Sanskrit, akin to letters or sounds, making it the correct choice for an articulated sound.

Question 2

When a varna is pronounced or written in ten different ways, there are not ten different varnas, but only ten different manifestations of the same ………….
A)varna.
B)shabda
C)dhvani
D)pada

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "varna," which refers to a letter or sound in Sanskrit phonology. The statement implies that despite the various pronunciations or representations, the underlying letter or sound remains the same.

Question 3

The conventional element in language is……….. and helps the manifestation of the eternal words and their meanings.
A)absolute
B)transcendental
C)primary
D)secondary

Accepted Answer

The conventional element in language is considered "secondary" because it refers to the agreed-upon symbols and rules that help convey meanings, rather than being inherent or primary in nature.

Question 4

According to Sankara, cognitions are regarded as modifications of the ………in which the pure spirit is reflected.
A)maya
B)inner sense
C)superimposition
D)brahman

Accepted Answer

According to Sankara, cognitions are regarded as modifications of the inner sense (antahkarana) in which the pure spirit (Atman/Brahman) is reflected. This concept is central to Advaita Vedanta philosophy, where the inner sense or mind undergoes various modifications, which are illuminated by the reflection of the pure consciousness.

Question 5

………….. alone is considered to be a pramana which gives rise to Brahman-knowledge and all other pramana deal with the material world.
A)upamana
B)shabda
C)arthapatti
D)anupalabdhi

Accepted Answer

Shabda or verbal testimony, especially the Vedas, is considered the only pramana (means of knowledge) that gives rise to knowledge of Brahman, according to Advaita Vedanta. All other pramanas are seen as dealing with the material or empirical world.

Question 6

The pervasion of ………….removes the veil of ignorance and the pervasion of reflected consciousness illumines the object.
A)chitta
B)klesa
C)chittabhumi
D)vritti

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "vritti," which refers to the patterns or modifications of the mind. When vrittis are present, they remove the veil of ignorance, allowing the true nature of reality to be perceived. This concept is central in Yoga philosophy, particularly in the context of achieving clarity of mind and understanding the nature of consciousness.

Question 7

The identity statements, according to Advaita, reveals the identity meaning by the application of ………………..implication.
A)exclusive
B)inclusive
C)exclusive-inclusive
D)abstract

Accepted Answer

Advaita Vedanta employs the method of "exclusive-inclusive" implication, known as "bhāga-tyāga-lakṣaṇā," to reveal the identity statements. This method involves negating the non-essential attributes (exclusive) and affirming the essential identity (inclusive) between the individual self (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman).

Question 8

…………….. means that the middle term appears to be a reason but is not a valid reason.
A)a. Nayabhas
B)hetvabhasa
C)visayabhasa
D)avayavas

Accepted Answer

Hetvabhasa refers to a fallacy or a seeming reason in Indian logic, where something appears to be a logical reason but actually is not valid upon closer examination. It is a flaw in the reasoning process.

Question 9

Upamana is knowledge derived from comparison and roughly corresponds to ………….
A)implication
B)non-perception
C)analogy
D)assumption

Accepted Answer

Upamana is a means of knowledge in Indian philosophy that refers to knowledge gained through analogy. It involves understanding an unknown object or concept by comparing it with a known object or concept that has similar characteristics.

Question 10

The Nyaya tradition reduced the……………… to inference.
A)implication
B)non-perception
C)analogy
D)assumption

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Nyaya tradition reduced the……………… to inference.
A)implication
B)non-perception
C)analogy
D)assumption...

Question 11

The word……………. literally means 'revered thought' and was originally applied to the Interpretation of the Vedic rituals which commanded highest reverence.
A)darsana
B)nyaya
C)yoga
D)mimamsa

Accepted Answer

The word "mimamsa" literally means 'revered thought' and was originally applied to the interpretation of the Vedic rituals, which commanded the highest reverence. Mimamsa is one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy, primarily focused on the critical examination of the Vedas.

Question 12

Jaimini admits three pramanas, such as, perception, inference and…………..
A)comparison
B)testimony
C)implication
D)non- apprehension

Accepted Answer

Jaimini, in the context of his Mimamsa philosophy, admits three pramanas (means of knowledge): perception, inference, and testimony. Testimony, or "shabda" in Sanskrit, refers to verbal testimony as a valid means of knowledge, particularly the Vedas.

Quiz 4: Language and Knowledge in Indian Philosophy

A…………… is regarded as an articulated sound.

When a varna is pronounced or written in ten different ways, there are not ten different varnas, but only ten different manifestations of the same ………….

The conventional element in language is……….. and helps the manifestation of the eternal words and their meanings.

According to Sankara, cognitions are regarded as modifications of the ………in which the pure spirit is reflected.

………….. alone is considered to be a pramana which gives rise to Brahman-knowledge and all other pramana deal with the material world.

The pervasion of ………….removes the veil of ignorance and the pervasion of reflected consciousness illumines the object.

The identity statements, according to Advaita, reveals the identity meaning by the application of ………………..implication.

…………….. means that the middle term appears to be a reason but is not a valid reason.

Upamana is knowledge derived from comparison and roughly corresponds to ………….

The Nyaya tradition reduced the……………… to inference.

The word……………. literally means 'revered thought' and was originally applied to the Interpretation of the Vedic rituals which commanded highest reverence.

Jaimini admits three pramanas, such as, perception, inference and…………..