In Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Assn., blood, breath, and urine tests of railroad employees were performed to test for drug or alcohol use. These tests were challenged as an unconstitutional warrantless search of persons. The Supreme Court held that the tests:

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The Supreme Court held that the tests did not violate the Fourth Amendment, reasoning that the government's interest in regulating the conduct of railroad employees to ensure safety outweighed the employees' privacy interests. This case established that in certain regulatory contexts, warrantless searches could be permissible under the Fourth Amendment.

In Skinner V