In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, involving logging of areas where the spotted owl nested, the Supreme Court held that the Endangered Species Act:

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In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, the Supreme Court held that the Endangered Species Act's definition of "harm" includes habitat modification or degradation that directly kills or injures wildlife. This interpretation goes beyond just the direct killing, injuring, or removing of endangered species, and does not specifically require a cost-benefit calculation for restrictions on economic activities nor does it assign regulatory authority to the EPA over endangered species; that authority remains with the Department of the Interior.

In Babbitt V