Question 1

Development
-Hope is a newborn baby. She loves sucking - while she eats, on a pacifier, and on her fingers when she has nothing else on which to suck. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Hope is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

The oral stage of development is characterized by needs related to the mouth. Infants rely on sucking for both food and comfort. According to Freud, adults who are fixated at this stage struggle with issues related to the mouth, such as overeating and smoking.

Question 2

Development
-Erika is two years old. Her parents are trying to toilet train her, but she refuses. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Erika is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

The anal stage of development is characterized by behaviors related to the anus, particularly those of bathroom behaviors in toddlers. According to Freud, adults who are fixated at this stage struggle with organization or messiness.

Question 3

Development
-Brandon is four years old. His parents are frustrated because he often takes his clothing and underwear off, and prefers to be undressed. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Brandon is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage of development is characterized by interest in genitals and nudity. According to Freud, adults who are fixated at this stage struggle with issues related to promiscuity or sex.

Question 4

Development
-Noah is a nine-year old boy. He loves fishing with his dad, playing soccer, watching movies, and playing video games with friends. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, in which stage is Noah?

Accepted Answer

The latency stage of development is characterized by strengthening relationships between peers. Very little sexual behavior or thoughts occur during this time. According to Freud, there are no social or sexual consequences for adults fixated at this stage.

Question 5

Development
-Liam is 17 years old. He has a serious girlfriend whom he feels he loves. He has been thinking of beginning a sexual relationship with her. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Liam is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

The genital stage of development is characterized by mature sexual intimacy. Sexual interest and behavior become stronger and more central to an individual's life. According to Freud, individuals who integrated at earlier stages will reach mature sexual intimacy.

Question 6

Development
-Matthew is 18 months old. He says "no" several times a day. He often says "no" when offered food or told to do something, even when his parents are sure he likes what is being offered. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Matthew is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, toddlers are learning to assert themselves as they become aware that they are separate from their parents. According to Erikson, children who succeed in this stage have an easier time with their personal identity as they continue to develop.

Question 7

Development
-Micah is six years old. He likes to play with his friends and parents, and is getting better at initiating activities. He is also content to play alone with some toys or games. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Micah is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the initiative vs. guilt stage, children become more assertive and are better able to organize their own activities to reach a goal. According to Erikson, children who succeed in this stage have an easier time with their personal identity as they continue to develop.

Question 8

Development
-Eric just began the fourth grade. He likes to play sports with his friends and he does well in school. He is learning to use tools and likes to help his father with household projects. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Eric is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the industry vs. inferiority stage, children develop mastery over their bodies as they learn to play sports and use tools. According to Erikson, children who have a difficult time with this stage often deal with feelings of inferiority later in life.

Question 9

Development
-Regina is 16 years old. She is thinking about college and what she wants for her future. She also has a serious boyfriend and is thinking about beginning a sexual relationship with him. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, in which stage is Regina?

Accepted Answer

During the identity vs. role confusion stage, teens begin to decide who they are as individuals and to make decisions about their future. According to Erikson, teens who struggle during this stage do not have a strong sense of self or personal values as adults.

Question 10

Development
-Joy is 28 years old. She has been dating her boyfriend for four years and would like to get married. She likes her job but thinks that someday she would like to leave her career to become a mother. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Joy is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the intimacy vs. isolation stage, young adults develop intimate love that is stronger than in earlier stages. It is during this stage that most people find life partners. According to Erikson, young adults who struggle during this stage fail to develop strong romantic relationships.

Question 11

Development
-Steve is 40 years old. He has a satisfying career and a great family. He coaches his son's soccer team and volunteers at church. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Steve is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the generativity vs. stagnation stage, adults focus on their occupation and creative achievement. Adults in this stage also focus outwards and try to help others. According to Erikson, adults who are not successful in this stage often feel "stuck" in life.

Question 12

Development
-Sharon is about to retire. Her adult children have moved out of the house and she enjoys doing activities for herself. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Sharon is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the integrity vs. despair stage, adults come to terms with their identities and reflect on their lives. According to Erikson, adults who have struggled with prior stages of development often experience regret and despair during this stage.

Question 13

Development
-Doree is a baby who explores by crawling and pulling up on objects. When she finds something new, she tries to place it in her mouth. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Doree is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the sensorimotor stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and motor action. Communication strengthens during this period, and towards the end of it, at around 18 months of age, children are able to communicate using simple words and symbols.

Question 14

Development
-Jamie is five years old. She understands the importance of sharing and of thinking of others. She is also able to understand other people's feelings. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Jamie is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the preoperational stage, children use symbols to think and communicate. Children are also able to consider the feelings of others and understand other people's points of view during this stage.

Question 15

Development
-Amanda is a 6th grader who is learning to think about abstract concepts. She can consider things that have not happened and understand "what if" questions. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Amanda is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

During the concrete operational stage, critical thinking skills become more developed. Children can more easily consider the point of view of others and can understand, think about, and discuss "what if" questions.

Question 16

Development
-Emily is a college student. Her classes require high levels of critical thinking. She often discusses her ideas and views with professors and classmates who disagree. She is also able to organize her work and activities. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Emily is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage begins around age 12 and strengthens as individuals move toward adulthood. In this stage, teens and adults can think hypothetically and maintain mental organization.

Question 17

Development
-Chomsky and Slobin both believed that language is innate and all humans are "wired" for language development. Which theory of language development does this describe?

Accepted Answer

The nativist view asserts that human language is innate and all humans are "wired" for language development. The behaviorist view of language asserts that language development is the result of positive reinforcement. The constructivist view assumes that as language develops, it expands on things the child already knows.

Question 18

Development
-Melissa Bowerman asserts that as language develops, it does not introduce new meanings to a child, but expands on things the child already knows. Which theory of language development does this describe?

Accepted Answer

The constructivist view asserts that as language develops, it does not introduce new meanings to a child, but expands on things the child already knows. The nativist view asserts that human language is innate and all humans are wired for language development. The behaviorist view of language asserts that language development is the result of positive reinforcement.

Question 19

Development
-In a 1959 experiment, monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. All of the monkeys received feedings from a wire monkey holding a bottle. Some monkeys were fed by bare wire models, but others received their feedings from models covered with warm terry cloth. The monkeys with a bare wire mother only approached it when hungry. The monkeys with the terry cloth mother clung to it while eating and ran to it when frightened or stressed. Moreover, the monkeys with the terry cloth mother were more likely to thrive. Which theory of emotional development does this study support?

Accepted Answer

The finding supported Erikson's theory that attachment during infancy is imperative for healthy development. The monkeys in both groups were fed in the same way, and so this study emphasized that the monkey's emotional experience during feeding was more important than the feeding itself.

Question 20

Development
-Tiffany is seven months old. She loves being held by her mother. When her grandmother, whom she doesn't know, holds her, Tiffany screams until her mother takes her back. Which attachment behavior does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Many infants experience stranger anxiety beginning around five months of age. Stranger anxiety typically lasts until about 18 months, and is characterized by infants crying and clinging to their mothers in the presence of strangers.

Quiz 3: CLEP: Educational Psychology

Development -Hope is a newborn baby. She loves sucking - while she eats, on a pacifier, and on her fingers when she has nothing else on which to suck. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Hope is in which stage?

Development -Erika is two years old. Her parents are trying to toilet train her, but she refuses. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Erika is in which stage?

Development -Brandon is four years old. His parents are frustrated because he often takes his clothing and underwear off, and prefers to be undressed. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Brandon is in which stage?

Development -Noah is a nine-year old boy. He loves fishing with his dad, playing soccer, watching movies, and playing video games with friends. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, in which stage is Noah?

Development -Liam is 17 years old. He has a serious girlfriend whom he feels he loves. He has been thinking of beginning a sexual relationship with her. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, Liam is in which stage?

Development -Matthew is 18 months old. He says "no" several times a day. He often says "no" when offered food or told to do something, even when his parents are sure he likes what is being offered. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Matthew is in which stage?

Development -Micah is six years old. He likes to play with his friends and parents, and is getting better at initiating activities. He is also content to play alone with some toys or games. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Micah is in which stage?

Development -Eric just began the fourth grade. He likes to play sports with his friends and he does well in school. He is learning to use tools and likes to help his father with household projects. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Eric is in which stage?

Development -Regina is 16 years old. She is thinking about college and what she wants for her future. She also has a serious boyfriend and is thinking about beginning a sexual relationship with him. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, in which stage is Regina?

Development -Joy is 28 years old. She has been dating her boyfriend for four years and would like to get married. She likes her job but thinks that someday she would like to leave her career to become a mother. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Joy is in which stage?

Development -Steve is 40 years old. He has a satisfying career and a great family. He coaches his son's soccer team and volunteers at church. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Steve is in which stage?

Development -Sharon is about to retire. Her adult children have moved out of the house and she enjoys doing activities for herself. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, Sharon is in which stage?

Development -Doree is a baby who explores by crawling and pulling up on objects. When she finds something new, she tries to place it in her mouth. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Doree is in which stage?

Development -Jamie is five years old. She understands the importance of sharing and of thinking of others. She is also able to understand other people's feelings. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Jamie is in which stage?

Development -Amanda is a 6th grader who is learning to think about abstract concepts. She can consider things that have not happened and understand "what if" questions. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, Amanda is in which stage?

Development -Chomsky and Slobin both believed that language is innate and all humans are "wired" for language development. Which theory of language development does this describe?

Development -Melissa Bowerman asserts that as language develops, it does not introduce new meanings to a child, but expands on things the child already knows. Which theory of language development does this describe?

Development -Tiffany is seven months old. She loves being held by her mother. When her grandmother, whom she doesn't know, holds her, Tiffany screams until her mother takes her back. Which attachment behavior does this describe?