Question 1

Select all of the following that are components of DNA. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of a deoxyribose sugar (A), a phosphate group (B), and nitrogenous bases (C) which include thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Ribose sugar (D) is found in RNA, not DNA. Two carbohydrate rings with hydroxide groups (E) do not describe a component of DNA.

Question 2

Select all of the following statements that describe the structure of a molecule of DNA. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

DNA is a twisted double helix (A), contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine (C), and has a backbone made of deoxyribose sugar (D). Uracil (E) is found in RNA, not DNA, and DNA is double-stranded, not single-stranded (B).

Question 3

Select all the characteristics that make sickle-cell disease a good candidate to study genetic diseases. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A, B, D

Question 4

From the list provided, select all the functions of the circulatory system. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The circulatory system is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells, and for removing waste products from the blood. Generating new red blood cells is primarily the function of the bone marrow, and excretion of urine is the function of the urinary system.

Question 5

From the list below select the structural properties of DNA that were known by scientists, prior to the contributions of Chargaff, Franklin, Watson, and Crick. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Before the contributions of Chargaff, Franklin, Watson, and Crick, scientists knew that DNA was composed of nucleotides, that nucleotides contained nitrogen-containing bases, and that there were four nucleotides: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. However, the concept of complementary base pairing held together by hydrogen bonds was not known until later.

Question 6

This list contains the characteristics of the law of independent assortment and the law of segregation. Select all that contributed to Mendel's law of segregation. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The law of segregation states that during meiosis, alleles segregate so that each gamete receives only one allele (A), and an individual receives one allele from each parent (B). Fertilization restores the diploid number, resulting in a new individual with two alleles (C).

Question 7

From the list provided, select all that can be inferred from the given sample pedigree for sickle-cell disease. (Check all that apply.) 11ee40c6_1829_d115_b977_fbe2042b1725

Accepted Answer

Both parents in the first generation are carriers, indicating they do not have the disease but can pass it on. Sickle-cell disease is recessive, meaning two copies of the allele are needed for the disease to manifest. The pedigree shows only one offspring in the second generation with the disease.

Question 8

From the following list, select all that are needed to make a karyotype. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the following list, select all that...

Question 9

From the list provided, select all techniques that are used to analyze DNA for mutations. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the list provided, select all techniques...

Question 10

From the list provided, select all that describe the process of sickle-cell gene therapy. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the list provided, select all that...

Question 11

From the list provided, select all that are needed in the process of genome editing. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The process of genome editing requires identifying the target DNA sequence (A), removing the mutated gene sequence (B), and replacing it with the correct gene sequence (C). The correctly folded protein (D) is a result of successful editing, not a requirement for the process itself.

Question 12

All genetic traits must be inherited. Explain why this is True.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All genetic traits must be inherited. Explain...

Question 13

In gene expression, step one, also known as ______, converts a gene into mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In gene expression, step one, also known...

Question 14

In gene expression, step two, also known as ______, converts mRNA into a structural protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In gene expression, step two, also known...

Question 15

During elongation in transcription, RNA polymerase creates a complementary mRNA sequence from a gene. Provide the mRNA sequence from the given gene sequence.
TACGGCACCCAGCATT

Accepted Answer

The answer of During elongation in transcription, RNA polymerase creates...

Question 16

Human skin cells have two copies of each chromosome, one from the biological mother and one from the biological father. Having two copies of a chromosome is called ______; it is sometimes abbreviated as 2n.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Human skin cells have two copies of...

Question 17

The formation of sperm is through a process called spermatogenesis. The formation of eggs is through a process called ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The formation of sperm is through a...

Question 18

In genome editing of the sickle-cell disease, CRISPR is currently being used to correct ______ cells. These cells are involved in producing red blood cells. The success has been dependent on the number of those cells repaired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In genome editing of the sickle-cell disease,...

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene is defined as a unit of genetic information that produces a product, which can be either proteins or RNA, not limited to a single protein product as other options suggest.

Question 20

Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?

Accepted Answer

Eye color is an inheritable trait determined by the genetics inherited from one's parents, unlike language ability, hair treatments, or skin conditions caused by environmental factors.

Quiz 8: Characteristics, Functions, and Analysis of Genetic Diseases and DNA