Question 1

Theory ensures that a profession is:

Accepted Answer

Theory provides the basis of a profession to explore evaluation, intervention, research, and program development.

Question 2

Theory is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Theory provides a framework for understanding elements of behavior and how a profession supports its growth.

Question 3

A well-constructed theory meets which of the following criteria?

Accepted Answer

A well-constructed theory includes four important criteria: fit, understanding, generality, and control. Fit focuses on the daily realities whereas understanding is how one can make sense of the phenomena. Generality means a well-developed theory is comprehensive and should have a certain amount of control over phenomena.

Question 4

Multiple theoretical approaches support community-based OT practice. Which of the following was developed specifically from an occupational perspective?

Accepted Answer

The Health Belief Model, PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, and the Diffusion of Innovations Model are all models that support community-based practice, but only the doing, being, belonging, and becoming framework was developed specifically from an occupational perspective.

Question 5

Self-efficacy is a concept of which theory that supports community and population occupational therapy?

Accepted Answer

The concept of self-efficacy is a main concept of social cognitive theory.

Question 6

The theoretical framework that includes nine phases is the:

Accepted Answer

The PRECEDE aspect of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model includes the first five phases: social assessment; epidemiological assessment; behavioral and environmental assessment; educational and ecological assessment; and administrative and policy assessment. The PROCEED aspect includes phases 6-9, including program implementation (phase 6) and three types of evaluation: process (phase 7), impact (phase 8), and outcome (phase 9).

Question 7

Wilcock and Hocking identified four occupation-focused approaches that align with the World Health Organization directives related to population health. One of these approaches is:

Accepted Answer

Wilcock and Hocking (2015) articulated four occupation-focused approaches to addressing population health. These approaches include the occupational ecosustainable community development approach, the occupational justice approach, the occupation-focused prevention of illness and disability approach, and the occupation-focused health promotion approach. Each of the four approaches follows WHO directives relative to population health and is action focused.

Question 8

Which theory that has been acknowledged to support community and population occupational therapy has little evidence of its application to the adoption of occupation-based practice strategies in these areas of practice?

Accepted Answer

Whereas there is tremendous potential to use this theory to disseminate occupational therapy health promotion strategies (Reitz et al., 2010), there is little evidence in the literature.

Question 9

The occupation-focused prevention of illness and disability approach suggests a broader view of health focused on:

Accepted Answer

The occupation-focused prevention of illness and disability approach considers occupation as a contributing factor to illness and recovery. Wilcock (2006) critiques the current medical model and health-care delivery system as deficient in describing and diagnosing ill health, as well as in prescribing healthful means to improve quality of life. She suggests a broader approach to diagnosis, including epidemiological attention to occupational and social risk factors.

Question 10

The Model of Human Occupation is a dynamic and reciprocal theory that can be applied to community and population health settings. One of its core concepts is:

Accepted Answer

The Model of Human Occupation is a well-established theory in occupational therapy that can be applied to community and population health. The model is easily applied at the individual, family, community, or population level and takes on a systems approach that fits with community and population health perspectives.

Question 11

A change process associated with the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change is:

Accepted Answer

Social liberation refers to alternatives to the behavior that the environment provides that free the person from having to make an individual decision. It is one of several change strategies associated with the TMHBC.

Question 12

The four key concepts from the Transactional Perspective of Occupation that lay a foundation for application to community practice are:

Accepted Answer

The four key concepts from the TPO that lay a foundation for application to community practice are the problematic situations, functional coordination, creativity, and growth.

Question 13

Social cognitive theory includes which of the following core determinants of health behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Bandura (2004) described the core determinants of health behaviors, the mechanisms through which these core determinants work, and the application of SCT to prevention and health promotion practices. The core determinants of health behaviors include: knowledge of the health risks and benefits of various behaviors, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations, self-determined health goals and strategies, and perceived facilitators and impediments to health behavior change.

Question 14

The Health Belief Model describes the relationships between a person's beliefs about health and their health-specific behaviors. The beliefs that mediate health behavior, according to the model, are:

Accepted Answer

The HBM describes the relationships between a person's beliefs about health and her or his health-specific behaviors. The beliefs that mediate health behavior are, according to the model, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.

Question 15

In the PRECEDE aspect of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, the PRECEDE portion involves the diagnoses of variables in which of the following four domains?

Accepted Answer

The PRECEDE portion of the framework is readily applicable across a variety of settings, providing structure and organization to health education program planning and evaluation. Application of this approach occurs in several phases and involves the diagnoses of variables in four domains: social, epidemiological, educational and ecological, and administrative and policy (Green & Kreuter, 2005). The approach is unique in that it begins with the desired final outcome and works backward, taking into account factors that must precede a certain result.

Question 16

A rural Native American community has low participation in outdoor exercise. New sidewalks and walking paths have recently been installed in the community near the wellness center. When determining the best approach to engage the community in a new walking program, which theoretical framework could help assess readiness to engage in more outdoor exercise?

Accepted Answer

The TMHBC, also referred to as the stages of change model, is a complex model consisting of stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse/recycling) and processes of change (Prochaska, Norcross, & DiClemente, 1994).

Question 17

A local elementary school that supports many immigrant and refugee students comprising 16 languages was opened without a playground. The occupational therapist is consulted on how to help enhance outdoor play. In order to understand the community need for outdoor play, the occupational therapist uses a sequential step design to which model to design a meaningful occupation-based play program?

Accepted Answer

The PRECEDE portion of the framework is readily applicable across a variety of settings, providing structure and organization to health education program planning and evaluation. Application of this approach occurs in several phases and involves the diagnoses of variables in four domains: social, epidemiological, educational and ecological, and administrative and policy (Green & Kreuter, 2005). The approach is unique in that it begins with the desired final outcome and works backward, taking into account factors that must precede a certain result.

Question 18

In a lower-income neighborhood, community members are interested in helping youth build healthy eating habits through a community garden. Which model would help the occupational therapist assisting with the program identify current perceptions of eating by the youth?

Accepted Answer

The HBM describes the relationships between beliefs about health and health-specific behaviors. The beliefs that mediate health behavior are, according to the model, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.

Quiz 3: Theoretical Frameworks for Community-Based Practice Introduction