Question 1

When we build arguments on assumptions that are not guided in truth, our arguments are faulty, and the actions we recommend will not achieve our desired ends.

Accepted Answer

Arguments based on false assumptions lack a solid foundation, leading to conclusions and recommendations that are unlikely to be effective or achieve intended goals.

Question 2

Modus Tollens is a type of enthymeme.

Accepted Answer

Modus Tollens is a form of logical argument, not an enthymeme. An enthymeme is an argument where a premise is left unstated, while Modus Tollens explicitly states both premises before reaching a conclusion.

Question 3

Deductive reasoning is structured in a way to provide certainty about what is true in a given situation.

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning provides certainty only if the premises are true.

Question 4

Enthymemes are syllogisms with a premise implied rather than directly stated.

Accepted Answer

An enthymeme is a form of syllogism that omits one of the premises, leaving it implied or understood rather than explicitly stated.

Question 5

An unquestioned premise is known as a contentious premise.

Accepted Answer

An unquestioned premise is known as an assumed premise, not a contentious premise. A contentious premise is one that is likely to cause disagreement or argument.

Question 6

The text indicates that prejudicial statements can involve:
A) deductive arguments that are untrue, even if logically valid.
B) sound deductive reasoning.
C) argument about premises rather than conclusions.
D) argument about conclusions rather than premises.
E) effective "quick thought" which allows us to comprehend the rush of information that comes our way.

Accepted Answer

Prejudicial statements can involve deductive arguments that are untrue, even if logically valid, because they may start from false premises, leading to incorrect conclusions.

Question 7

______ is defined as a form of classifying people, places, or things according to common traits.
A) Stereotyping
B) Team building
C) Differentiating
D) Communal practice

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social group, rather than on individual characteristics.

Question 8

A categorical statement is a _____.
A) statement that excludes members of a class from other classes
B) statement that includes members of one class in another class
C) statement that specifies reasons for classifying
D) statement that discourages the practice of grouping people into classes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A categorical statement is a _____.
A) statement...

Question 9

______ involves finding truth by making observations.
A) Observation
B) Classification
C) Denotation
D) Inductive reasoning
E) Basic mindfulness

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning involves finding truth by making observations and drawing general conclusions from specific examples.

Question 10

Matching
Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition.
-A deductive argument which follows the correct form and in which the premises are true.
A) Syllogism
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Valid argument
D) Sound argument
E) Reality assumption
F) Inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

A sound argument is a deductive argument that is valid (meaning it follows the correct form) and has all true premises.

Question 11

Matching
Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition.
-A deductive argument in the form of two premises and a conclusion.
A) Syllogism
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Valid argument
D) Sound argument
E) Reality assumption
F) Inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning that consists of two premises followed by a conclusion, fitting the definition provided.

Question 12

Matching
Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition.
-Assumptions about what is true and factual that are sometimes stated but often implied; these assumptions are often taken for granted.
A) Syllogism
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Valid argument
D) Sound argument
E) Reality assumption
F) Inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

Reality assumptions are the beliefs or assumptions about what is considered true and factual within a given context, often taken for granted without explicit statement. These assumptions underpin how individuals interpret and interact with the world around them.

Question 13

Matching
Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition.
-An argument that follows formal patterns of reasoning and is aimed at establishing the certainty of a conclusion through presenting true premises in a valid form.
A) Syllogism
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Valid argument
D) Sound argument
E) Reality assumption
F) Inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. It follows a formal pattern of reasoning and aims at establishing the certainty of a conclusion by presenting true premises in a valid form.

Question 14

Matching
Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition.
-An argument structured in a correct deductive format; an argument structured in such a way that if its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true.
A) Syllogism
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Valid argument
D) Sound argument
E) Reality assumption
F) Inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

A valid argument is one where if the premises are true, the conclusion must necessarily be true, fitting the definition provided.

Question 15

Matching
Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition.
-The process of finding truth by making observations
A) Syllogism
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Valid argument
D) Sound argument
E) Reality assumption
F) Inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning involves making observations and drawing general conclusions from specific instances, which aligns with the process of finding truth by making observations.

Question 16

Read the story, assuming the statements given are true. Then mark A for factual statements and B for inferences/assumptions. 
A businessman had just turned off the lights in the store when a man appeared and demanded money. The owner opened a cash register. The contents of the cash register were scooped up and the man sped away.
-A man appeared after the owner had turned off his store lights.
A) factual statements
B) inferences/assumptions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Read the story, assuming the statements given...

Question 17

Read the story, assuming the statements given are true. Then mark A for factual statements and B for inferences/assumptions. 
A businessman had just turned off the lights in the store when a man appeared and demanded money. The owner opened a cash register. The contents of the cash register were scooped up and the man sped away.
-The robber demanded money.
A) factual statements
B) inferences/assumptions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Read the story, assuming the statements given...

Question 18

Read the story, assuming the statements given are true. Then mark A for factual statements and B for inferences/assumptions. 
A businessman had just turned off the lights in the store when a man appeared and demanded money. The owner opened a cash register. The contents of the cash register were scooped up and the man sped away.
-Someone opened a cash register.
A) factual statements
B) inferences/assumptions

Accepted Answer

The statement "Someone opened a cash register" is factual because it directly recounts an event described in the story, where the owner opened the cash register.

Question 19

Read the story, assuming the statements given are true. Then mark A for factual statements and B for inferences/assumptions. 
A businessman had just turned off the lights in the store when a man appeared and demanded money. The owner opened a cash register. The contents of the cash register were scooped up and the man sped away.
-After the man who demanded money scooped up the contents of the cash register, he sped away.
A) factual statements
B) inferences/assumptions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Read the story, assuming the statements given...

Question 20

Locating Assumptions. Decide whether the person making the statement is making that assumption. Write A if the assumption is being made, and write B if the assumption is not necessarily taken for granted. 
El Sobrante is the place to live-it has the lowest crime rate.
-In deciding where to live, it is important to avoid high crime rates.
A) assumption is being made
B) assumption is not necessarily

Accepted Answer

The statement assumes that avoiding high crime rates is a crucial factor in deciding where to live, implying that places with lower crime rates are preferable.

Quiz 3: Reality Assumptions

When we build arguments on assumptions that are not guided in truth, our arguments are faulty, and the actions we recommend will not achieve our desired ends.

Modus Tollens is a type of enthymeme.

Deductive reasoning is structured in a way to provide certainty about what is true in a given situation.

Enthymemes are syllogisms with a premise implied rather than directly stated.

An unquestioned premise is known as a contentious premise.

The text indicates that prejudicial statements can involve:

______ is defined as a form of classifying people, places, or things according to common traits.

A categorical statement is a _____.

______ involves finding truth by making observations.

Matching Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition. -A deductive argument which follows the correct form and in which the premises are true.

Matching Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition. -A deductive argument in the form of two premises and a conclusion.

Matching Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition. -Assumptions about what is true and factual that are sometimes stated but often implied; these assumptions are often taken for granted.

Matching Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition. -An argument that follows formal patterns of reasoning and is aimed at establishing the certainty of a conclusion through presenting true premises in a valid form.

Matching Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition. -An argument structured in a correct deductive format; an argument structured in such a way that if its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true.

Matching Definitions-find the word below that best fits the definition. -The process of finding truth by making observations