Question 1

If you are out on the soccer practice field and you see lightning, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

Stopping the activity and seeking shelter immediately is the safest action to take when lightning is seen, as lightning can strike from a considerable distance away from the storm center.

Question 2

When replenishing fluids with a glucose solution, what percentage of glucose and electrolytes is most useful?

Accepted Answer

A 6 percent glucose solution is commonly used for fluid replenishment because it provides an optimal balance of glucose for energy and electrolytes for hydration, supporting cellular function and fluid balance without causing osmotic diuresis or other potential complications associated with higher concentrations.

Question 3

When a storm is near and a person's hair stands on end, the person should:

Accepted Answer

When a person's hair stands on end during a storm, it indicates a strong electric field in the area, suggesting an imminent lightning strike. The safest immediate action is to drop to the ground and assume a crouched position, minimizing contact with the ground and making oneself a smaller target for lightning. Running could increase the risk of being struck, lying flat increases the body's contact with the ground, and waiting for lightning is extremely dangerous.

Question 4

A typical white cotton T-shirt provides how much SPF?

Accepted Answer

A typical white cotton T-shirt has an SPF rating of about 5, meaning it allows 1/5th of the sun's UV rays to pass through.

Question 5

How many minutes before exposure of the sun should sunscreen be applied?

Accepted Answer

Sunscreen should be applied 15-30 minutes before sun exposure to allow the skin to absorb it properly and provide effective protection.

Question 6

Which of the following conditions is caused by peripheral vasodilation of the superficial vessels, hypotension, or a pooling of blood in the extremities and results in dizziness, fainting, and nausea?

Accepted Answer

Heat syncope is characterized by dizziness, fainting, and nausea due to peripheral vasodilation of the superficial vessels, hypotension, or pooling of blood in the extremities, typically occurring in hot environments.

Question 7

Which of the following is anINCORRECT description of frostnip?

Accepted Answer

Frostnip is a mild form of frostbite that does not cause permanent damage and typically does not lead to gangrene. Gangrene is associated with more severe frostbite, where there is actual tissue death. Frostnip affects the skin's surface, making it cold and numb, but it does not lead to the severe consequences such as peeling, blisters, or gangrene seen in deeper frostbite.

Question 8

An individual is experiencing a progressively worsening headache, nausea, vomiting, and swelling in the hands and feet. Which of the following conditions is the individual suffering from?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of hyponatremia, which is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Symptoms can include headache, nausea, vomiting, swelling in the hands and feet, and in severe cases, confusion and seizures.

Question 9

What is a psychrometer used to determine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a psychrometer used to determine?
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Question 10

In a digital psychrometer, the dry bulb thermometer measures ambient air temperature and the wet bulb measures the temperature when water evaporates.

Accepted Answer

A digital psychrometer uses a dry bulb thermometer to measure the ambient air temperature and a wet bulb thermometer, which has a moistened wick around it, to measure the temperature decrease caused by the evaporation of water, indicating humidity levels.

Question 11

Body temperature regulation results almost entirely through cutaneous cooling from radiation.

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation involves several mechanisms including radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation, not just cutaneous cooling from radiation.

Question 12

When a person's temperature reaches 104°F, the chances of survival decrease dramatically.

Accepted Answer

A body temperature of 104°F or higher can lead to heatstroke, which is a medical emergency that can cause damage to the brain and other vital organs, increasing the risk of severe complications or death.

Question 13

Overweight individuals with a large muscle mass experience greater heat production than underweight individuals and are therefore more susceptible to heat illness.

Accepted Answer

Overweight individuals, especially those with a large muscle mass, have a higher metabolic rate, leading to greater heat production. This increased heat production can make them more susceptible to heat illness, as their bodies may struggle more to dissipate the excess heat.

Question 14

Women are more physiologically efficient in body temperature regulation than are men.

Accepted Answer

Women generally have a more efficient system for distributing heat throughout the body, which includes a higher surface area to mass ratio and a more evenly distributed subcutaneous fat layer, aiding in more effective heat dissipation and retention when necessary.

Question 15

Heat exhaustion is caused by the sudden onset of thermoregulatory failure, which can lead to death if untreated.

Accepted Answer

Heat exhaustion is caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures and dehydration, not sudden thermoregulatory failure. It can lead to heat stroke if untreated, which is more severe and potentially life-threatening.

Question 16

In case of an exertional heatstroke, the replacement of fluids is a critical step in initial first aid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In case of an exertional heatstroke, the...

Question 17

Oral and tympanic membrane thermometers are the most accurate indicators of core body temperature.

Accepted Answer

Rectal thermometers are considered the most accurate for checking a young child's core body temperature, while oral and tympanic (ear) thermometers are less accurate but more convenient for quick screenings.

Question 18

Death is imminent if the core body temperature rises to 107°F or drops to between 77°F and 85°F.

Accepted Answer

Extreme body temperatures, such as a core temperature rising to 107°F (41.6°C) or dropping to between 77°F and 85°F (25°C to 29.4°C), can lead to fatal outcomes. At these temperatures, critical bodily functions can fail, leading to death.

Question 19

There is a need for fluid replacement only in a hot environment.

Accepted Answer

Fluid replacement is necessary in both hot and cold environments, as well as during physical activity, to prevent dehydration and maintain proper hydration levels.

Question 20

In hot and cold weather, an athlete should maintain a body temperature ideal for competition to avoid the likelihood of injury.

Accepted Answer

Maintaining an ideal body temperature helps in optimizing performance and reducing the risk of heat-related illnesses in hot weather and hypothermia or frostbite in cold weather, thereby minimizing the likelihood of injury.

Quiz 7: Understanding the Potential Dangers of Adverse Environmental Conditions