Question 1

Ruofan is a psychology graduate student who studies how genes affect behavior.In other words,she conducts research in the field of ____.

Accepted Answer

Ruofan's research specifically focuses on how genes impact behavior, which falls under the field of behavioral genetics. Experimental psychology involves conducting experiments to study behavior, introspection involves examining one's own thoughts and feelings, and psychoanalysis is a form of therapy based on unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 2

Balint is a behavioral geneticist who focuses on human behavior and mental processes.Which of the following is he most likely to investigate?

Accepted Answer

As a behavioral geneticist, Balint is most likely to investigate how the combination of heredity and environment influences personality.

Question 3

If speaking with an Australian accent is controlled by a recessive gene,which combination would result in someone who speaks with an Australian accent?

Accepted Answer

If speaking with an Australian accent is controlled by a recessive gene, then an individual can only have an Australian accent if they inherit two copies of the recessive gene (one from each parent). This can only happen if both parents are carriers of the recessive gene and pass it on to their offspring. Therefore, the combination of recessive-recessive would result in someone who speaks with an Australian accent. Dominant-recessive and dominant-dominant would not result in an Australian accent because the dominant gene would mask the recessive gene, and only recessive-recessive can result in the expression of this trait.

Question 4

The sperm and ovum that joined to become you each had only one half of each of the pairs of chromosomes that belonged to your father and mother.The process that created the sperm and ovum is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis is the process of cell division that creates haploid cells (sperm and ovum) with only half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is necessary for sexual reproduction to produce genetically diverse offspring, as each sperm and ovum carry a unique combination of genetic information from the mother and father. Mitosis is the process of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Halitosis is bad breath and has no relation to cell division. Zygosis is not a recognized term in biology.

Question 5

Charlie,a cell,suddenly splits himself into an exact replica.There are now two Charlies.Not long after that,it happens again,and there are four Charlies.This process is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This is exactly what is happening in the scenario described - Charlie is splitting himself into identical replicas, just like a cell undergoing mitosis. Meiosis involves the division of cells to produce gametes, fertilization involves the fusion of gametes, and symbiosis is a close and mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms. None of these processes accurately describe what is happening in the scenario.

Question 6

If research can show that schizophrenia is related to a person having a combination of several genes,then schizophrenia would be considered a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

If schizophrenia is related to a combination of several genes, it would be considered a polygenic trait, meaning it is influenced by multiple genes.

Question 7

Sarah and Sophie are identical twins who have another sister,Susie,who is one year older than they.Many people mistake them for triplets because they all look so much alike.It is their ____ that make other people think they are triplets.

Accepted Answer

Phenotypes refer to observable characteristics such as physical appearance, which is what people are using to mistake them for triplets. Genotypes refer to genetic makeup, polygenic traits refer to traits that are influenced by multiple genes, and prototypes refer to original models or examples.

Question 8

Which of the following is likely to be a research topic in behavioral genetics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is likely to...

Question 9

The biology of inheritance is called ____.

Accepted Answer

The biology of inheritance deals with the study of genes, heredity, and variation. This is specifically focused on the passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring, and this field of study is known as genetics. Immunology deals with the study of the immune system and immune responses, while environmental psychology focuses on the relationship between human behavior and the environment. Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes and substances in living organisms.

Question 10

A cell in a human body has divided into two new cells.Because the cell divided through a process known as mitosis,how many chromosomes will be found in each of the two new cells?

Accepted Answer

During mitosis, the parent cell's chromosomes duplicate and then divide into two identical sets, each with 46 chromosomes in a human cell. Thus, each of the two new cells produced by division will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, which is 46.

Question 11

According to your text,research exploring the influence of genetics on behavior and mental processes has been inhibited by ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text,research exploring the influence...

Question 12

Ocean inherited genes that raise the risk of her developing bipolar disorder.She lives a relatively stress-free life,however,and shows no symptoms of the disorder.The risk is part of Ocean's ____,and the normal behavior is part of Ocean's ____.

Accepted Answer

The risk of developing bipolar disorder due to inherited genes is part of Ocean's genotype, which refers to her genetic makeup. The fact that she shows no symptoms and exhibits normal behavior is part of her phenotype, which refers to observable characteristics and traits influenced by both genetics and environment.

Question 13

Demetrius inherited a gene for "Abcde" from his mother.Regardless of his father's contribution,this gene will be expressed in his phenotype."Abcde" is a ____ gene.

Accepted Answer

The fact that the gene for "Abcde" is expressed in Demetrius' phenotype regardless of his father's contribution suggests that it is dominant. This means that if Demetrius had inherited a recessive gene for the same trait from his father, the dominant "Abcde" gene would still be expressed. A protein is a molecule, not a gene, so choice B is incorrect, and meiosis is a process of cell division, not a gene, so choice D is also incorrect.

Question 14

Maria and Juanita are identical twins.Therefore,they have ____.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins originate from the same fertilized egg, so they have the same genotype. However, environmental factors can lead to differences in phenotype.

Question 15

Rebecca spends a great deal of time researching her family tree.She begins to suspect that she probably has inherited several physical features and personality traits from her ancestors.To determine if her suspicions are correct,Rebecca will need to learn more about ____.

Accepted Answer

Rebecca's suspicions about inherited physical features and personality traits suggest a focus on genetics, the study of genes and heredity. The other options (behaviorism, humanism, cognitive psychology) do not directly address the role of genetics in inheritance.

Question 16

Impressed with Darwin's theory of evolution,Sir Francis Galtonstarted the use of adoption,twin,and family studies.He is known for concluding that____ determines human behavior.

Accepted Answer

Sir Francis Galton believed that nature (genetics) plays a larger role in determining human behavior than nurture (environmental factors). This aligns with the perspective of the field of behavior genetics, which seeks to understand the influence of both nature and nurture on human behavior.

Question 17

Which of these carry the specific structure that houses the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are structures that carry the genetic code in the form of DNA. They are found in the nucleus of cells and contain all the genetic information necessary for the development and function of an organism. Ovum, sperm, and embryo do not carry the genetic code in the same way that chromosomes do.

Question 18

The genes contained in a single cell contain information for constructingevery aspect of ____.

Accepted Answer

The genes contained in a single cell contain information for constructing the physical human being to which the cell belongs. This is because each cell in the human body contains a complete set of genetic instructions for the entire organism. While cells differentiate and specialize to perform specific functions in organs and tissues, the genetic information in each cell provides the blueprint for the full development and maintenance of the human body.

Question 19

Genes are composed of molecules of ____.

Accepted Answer

Genes are composed of molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Nitrous oxide and sodium phosphate are not components of genes. Chromosome is a larger structure made up of many genes.

Question 20

Todd is a twenty-seven-year-old stockbroker.One of Todd's more striking features is his height-just 4 feet 2 inches tall.His parents,brothers and sisters,grandparents,aunts,uncles,and cousins are all over six feet tall.Based on your knowledge of the interplay between genetics and environmental factors,what is the most likely explanation for Todd's height?

Accepted Answer

Todd's significant difference in height from his family, who are all over six feet tall, suggests an external factor influenced his growth. An early childhood illness could have affected his growth hormones or development, leading to his shorter stature. Genetic factors (A) are less likely since his entire family is tall, and genotype normalization (D) doesn't directly explain a single individual's deviation from family traits. A sedentary lifestyle (C) typically does not result in such a drastic difference in height, especially when compared to genetic relatives.

Quiz 19: Appendix A: Statistics in Psychological Research